“差异性”和“多样性”的世界:庄子的“物之不齐论”

A Study of Chuang Tzu's Theory on Difference and Diversity

庄子思想中最显赫的符号之一是“齐物”或“齐同”,它产生了广泛的影响并一直为研究者所关注。但庄子思想同时包含着与之相对的万物殊异的差异性和多样性概念。庄子不仅提供了一幅世界丰富多彩的多样性和差异性图像,而且从不同方面说明了万物为什么具有差异性,为什么是多样的和不同的。这不仅取决于万物的内在之德和内在之理等,而且也取决于人们如何观察和看待万物(“以差观之”)以及如何运用万物的眼光和价值观。整体上考察庄子的世界差异性和多样性论域,揭示庄子与“齐物论”相对的“物之不齐论”,才能完整地呈现庄子的“万物异同观”。

One of the most prominent concept in Chuang Tzu's thought is“Qi Wu”or“Qi Tong”,which means things are equal or similar.This ideas has a wide influence and catches researchers’attention.But Chuang Tzu also stresses the difference and diversity of all things in the world and provides explanations from various aspects.He,especially,points out that the differences come from the inner virtue and inner reason of all things,and from how people observe and treat all things and how they use the vision and values of all things as well.In this vein,this paper concludes that in order to fully present Chuang Tzu's similarities and differences of all things,it is necessary to study his theory as a whole,and reveal his theory of non-uniformity of things as the opposite to uniformity of things.