东京奥运周期竞技体操单杠成套动作难度与编排研究

Difficulty and arrangement of horizontal bar in Tokyo Olympic cycle

通过录像观察、数理统计、文献资料和专家访谈等研究方法,对东京奥运周期3届世界体操锦标赛男子单杠决赛前8名运动员的有效技术动作进行分析。结果显示:1)东京奥运周期出现难度价值为0.8分、0.9分的超难空翻动作,0.9分的难度价值也成为男子体操六项中最高难度价值。2)三届世锦赛平均难度分相差不大,平均完成分在经历第47届世锦赛后大幅度上升。3)飞行动作是当今时代单杠发展的主流,飞行连接日趋成熟,在比赛中不仅出现了高难度的D+G的飞行连接动作,而且克罗地亚运动员斯尔比克还成功完成了4连飞。4)难度价值较高的下法动作数量逐年增加,以直体后空翻两周转体720°为主流。5)完成质量有所提升,下法落地稳定性不足。

Through the methods of video observation,mathematical statistics,literature review and expert interview,this paper analyzes the effective technical movements of the top 8 men's horizontal bar final in the three World Gymnastics Championships during Tokyo Olympic cycle.The results show that:1)The difficulty value of Tokyo Olympic cycle is 0.8 points,0.9 points of super difficult somersault,0.9 points of difficulty value also become the highest difficulty value of men's gymnastics six events.2)The average difficulty points of the three World Championships had little difference,and the average completion points increased significantly after the 47th World Championships.3)Flying action is the mainstream of horizontal bar development,and the flight connection is becoming more and more mature.In the competition,not only the highly difficult D+G flight connection movement appeared,but also the Croatian athlete Srbic successfully completed four consecutive flights.4)The number of downward movements with higher difficulty value increased year by year,with straight back somersault two weeks and turning 720°as the main trend.5)The completion quality has been improved,and the stability of the landing method is insufficient.