国有商业银行信贷资产质量责任认定划分问题分析

Analysis on the Division of Responsibility for Credit Asset Quality of State-owned Commercial Banks

国有商业银行信贷资产质量是银行稳健运营的重要因素。现阶段我国面临经济下行压力,企业资金周转较困难,银行放贷增加,还款压力仍未减轻,导致经济下行压力和风险转嫁到银行,银行风控的重心转化为如何顺利收回贷款。一般情况下,中长期贷款对经济基本面具有先行指示意义,短期贷款的波动因素比较多,资产质量受信贷过程主客观复杂因素影响。同时,资产质量的责任认定面临表面和里面问题,以及归责上更多是对金融经营者不当资产处置行为规定行政处罚,而没有规定应承担的民事责任。事实依据和法律依据不足是商业银行资产质量责任认定划分问题的根本原因。通过文献研究法、归纳演绎、分析综合研究方法,从问题着手,分析资产质量劣变的主客观原因和民商法律责任,提出了处理责任认定与划分的举措。

The quality of credit assets of state-owned commercial banks is an important factor in the steady operation of banks.At this stage,China is facing downward pressure on the economy,corporate capital turnover is more difficult,bank lending has increased,and the pressure on repayment has not yet eased,resulting in the downward pressure and risk of the economy being passed on to banks.The focus of bank risk control has been transformed into how to successfully recover loans.Under normal circumstances,medium and long-term loans have a leading indicator of economic fundamentals.Short-term loans have more volatile factors,and asset quality is affected by subjective and objective complex factors in the credit process.At the same time,the determination of liability for asset quality faces both external and internal problems,and the attribution of liability is more about imposing administrative penalties for financial operators’improper asset disposal behaviors,rather than stipulating civil liabilities.Insufficient factual and legal basis is the root cause of the problem of determining and dividing commercial banks’asset quality responsibility.Through literature research methods,inductivededuction,analysis and comprehensive research methods,starting from the problem,analyzing the subjective and objective reasons for the deterioration of asset quality and civil and commercial legal responsibilities,this paper proposes measures to deal with the identification and division of responsibilities.