大蜜蜂和黑大蜜蜂蜂蜜的理化指标及抗氧化活性分析

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honeys produced by Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa

研究评价了我国主要分布区的大蜜蜂和黑大蜜蜂蜂蜜的基本理化指标、总酚、总黄酮含量测定及抗氧化能力,从而为我国主要野生蜂蜜的品质评价提供基础数据。结果表明,我国大蜜蜂和黑大蜜蜂蜂蜜样品的水分质量分数约为21%,果糖质量分数约为35%,葡萄糖质量分数约为30%,蔗糖质量分数大部分低于2%,羟甲基糠醛质量分数约为1 mg/kg,约一半样品的淀粉酶值≥4[mL/(g·h)];我国大蜜蜂和黑大蜜蜂蜂蜜92%的样品符合蜂蜜食品安全国家标准相关指标要求,52%的样品符合蜂蜜行业标准相关指标要求;总酚、总黄酮含量不同蜂蜜样品之间差异较大,与马来西亚大蜜蜂蜂蜜、我国常见的中蜂蜜和西蜂蜜相比,大蜜蜂和黑大蜜蜂蜂蜜样品的总酚含量总体较高,总黄酮含量与我国常见蜂蜜相当;抗氧化能力测定结果显示,不同蜂蜜样品之间差异也较大,与总酚和总黄酮的含量有一定的相关性。总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性差异可能与蜂蜜分布地区和蜂蜜植物来源有关。

The basic physicochemical indexes,contents of total phenolics and flavonoid and antioxidant activities were determined for 23 honey samples of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa from the main distribution areas of China,which could provide basic data for the quality evaluation of wild honey in China.The results showed that the moisture contents,fructose contents and glucose contents of the honey samples were 21%,35%and 30%respectively.In addition,the sucrose contents of most of the honey samples were below 2%and the HMF contents of the honey samples were about 1 mg/kg.The diastase activities of half of the honey samples were≥4[mL/(g·h)].The results also suggested that 92%of the honey samples of A.dorsata and A.laboriosa were in line with the national food safety standards of China and 52%in line with the industrial standards of China.The contents of total phenolics and total flavonoid were significantly different among honey samples.Compared with the A.dorsata honey from Malaysia and the common Apis cerana and Apis mellifera honey in China,the contents of total phenolics in the honey samples of A.dorsata and A.laboriosa from China were higher.However,the contents of total flavonoid were similar to that of common honey in China.The results of antioxidant activities showed that there were significant differences among honey samples,which had a certain correlation with the contents of total phenolics and total flavonoid.The differences in total phenolics contents,total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities among the honey samples were possibly related to the distribution areas and botanical sources.