美日欧数字贸易发展的演变趋势及中国应对策略

The Evolution Trend of Digital Trade in America,Japan and Europe and China’s Countermeasures

数字贸易是信息通信技术与现代贸易的深度融合,在全球经济下行压力增大的情况下,数字贸易已成为驱动全球经济增长的核心动力。美日欧抓住机遇大力发展数字贸易,通过完善电商服务体系为跨境电商发展提供动力;通过制定数字经济战略,促进数字服务贸易的发展;通过完善国内数据立法,为数字贸易发展"保驾护航"。同时,美日欧还依据先发优势制定高标准的数字贸易规则。中国虽在跨境电商领域具有相对优势,但数字服务贸易及数据贸易与发达经济体相比仍有较大差距,且在数字贸易规则的制定中有被"边缘化"趋势。因此,中国发展数字贸易需制定针对性的对应策略:制定引领全球跨境电子商务发展的规则体系,规划数字服务贸易发展的布局,并完善数据安全立法为数据贸易发展营造良好的制度环境;发起建立"数字贸易圈",同时化解与美欧在数字贸易规则中的分歧。

Digital trade is the deep integration of information and communication technology and modern trade.Meanwhile,the digital trade has become the core driving force of global economic growth in the context of great downward pressure on the global economy.The United States,Japan and the European Union(EU)have seized the opportunity to vigorously develop digital trade:they have provide impetus for the development of cross-border e-commerce by improving the e-commerce service system;they have promoted the development of digital trade in services by formulating digital economy strategies;they have improved their domestic data legislation to safeguard the development of digital trade.At the same time,the United States,Japan and EU also formulate high-standard digital trade rules based on the first-mover advantage.Although China has a comparative advantage in the field of cross-border e-commerce,the digital service trade and data trade still lag far behind that of developed economies.More seriously,China tends to be marginalized in the formulation of digital trade rules.Therefore,the corresponding strategies for developing digital trade in China are as follows.First of all,China should formulate rules system to lead the development of global cross-border e-commerce,to plan the layout of the development of digital trade in services,and improve the data security legislation to create a good institutional environment for the development of data trade.Secondly,China should establish a"digital trade circle",and resolve differences with the United States and EU on digital trade rules.