冀南平原典型农业村落转型特征及成长机制

Transformation characteristics and development mechanism of typical agricultural settlement in Southern Hebei Plain since reform and opening-up

科学认识1978年改革开放以来农业村落转型过程和规律,是落实新时代乡村振兴战略的关键环节。本文以河北省邢台市宁晋县历城村为例,通过田野调查,从聚落空间、经济形态、社会生活三个维度,探讨了1978年改革开放以来冀南平原农业村落转型特征与成长机制。研究表明:①农业村落建设用地规模显著增加,住宅用地不断扩展,工业用地沿村落边缘扩张,聚落空间转型经历了缓慢发展、快速扩张、加速重构三个阶段;②农业机械化率和农产品商品化率不断提高,农户非农收入占比逐渐增加,农户生产和消费的社会化趋势显著,村落经济形态转型经历了生计农业、农户兼业化、农户非农化与兼业化三个阶段;③村落社会网络不断开放,村民社会生活不断重构,村落社会生活转型经历了传统村落共同体、职住空间分离、聚居关系重塑三个阶段;④自然禀赋、行为主体(村委会、农户、企业)、城乡互动、政策环境分别是农业村落转型的基础性约束力、内部推力、外部拉力、方向调控力,它们相互作用,共同促进了农业村落的转型成长。研究提出了新型"村镇共同体"理念,为落实乡村振兴发展战略、破解中国农业村落转型发展困境,提供了理论参考。

The scientific understanding of the transformation process and rules of agricultural settlement since the reform and opening-up after 1978 is very important to revitalizing and improving the agricultural economy and living condition. In this paper, we take a small village,Licheng, Ningjin County of Hebei Province as an example to explore the transformation process and development mechanism of agricultural settlement from settlement space,economic situation and social life since the reform and opening-up. In this case, some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) The total space of construction area increased significantly, with the gradual enlargement of residential space and the expansion of industrial land along the edge of the old village. Three stages have been identified, namely, slow development, rapid expansion, and high speed reconstruction.(2) With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization and farm products commercialization, the proportion of non-agricultural income increased gradually, indicating more and more commercial production and consumption in farmers’ daily life. The transformation of village economic situation also has gone through three stages: agricultural livelihood stage, part-time agricultural and part-time non-agricultural livelihood stage, non-agricultural and part-time agricultural livelihood stage.(3) Due to the enlargement and reconstruction of social relation between villagers, the transformation of villagers’ social life went through three stages:traditional rural life stage, separation of occupation and residence stage, and partly empty-nest elderly and partly empty-nest stage.(4) Natural endowment, behavior representatives(village committees, peasant households, and enterprises), urban-rural interaction, and policy environment respectively play roles of basic binding force, internal pushing force, external pulling force, and space-economy-society regulating force in the transformation of agricultural villages, which interact and jointly promote the transformation and development of agricultural settlements. A new concept of town and village co-community was proposed. It will provide a theoretical reference for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and solving the dilemma of agricultural settlement transformation in China.