创新政策环境对外商直接投资区位选择的影响——以珠江三角洲核心区六市为例

The impact of innovation policy environment on location choice of foreign direct investment from the perspective of knowledge base:A case study of six cities in the core area of the Pearl River Delta

外商直接投资(FDI)企业按知识基础类型可分为解析型、合成型和象征型,从政策工具维度对珠江三角洲核心区六市2007—2016年的创新政策进行文本分析,以创新政策强度和创新政策协同度两个指标量化评估珠三角核心区六市创新政策环境,利用多项式逻辑回归模型识别和检验创新政策环境对异质性知识基础的外商直接投资企业区位选择的影响。结果表明:①珠三角核心区六市创新政策环境时空分异显著,以2010年为时间节点创新政策强度显著提升而协同度明显降低,创新政策强度与协同度均呈楔形空间结构但二者空间异构明显;②创新政策强度和创新政策协同度对FDI区位选择皆有显著的正效应,且随着创新政策协同度的提升区域更有可能成为解析型和合成型FDI区位选择的对象;③政府态度、企业进入方式和布局区位对FDI区位选择有显著影响,集聚因素中的商务服务水平对FDI区位选择的影响显著为正,而城市人口密度和集聚经济水平的影响显著为负。研究结果对地方政府实施更加本地化的创新政策吸引差异化知识基础的FDI,构建区域竞争优势带来重要启示。

Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) is divided into analytical, synthetic, and symbolic types according to the knowledge base type. The innovation policy in the core area of the Pearl River Delta in 2007-2016 has been textually analyzed and quantitatively assessed from the policy tools perspective to understand the situation of the innovation policy environment.Based on this, the polynomial logistic regression model was used to investigate the impact of the study area’s innovation policy environment on the location choice of FDI with different knowledge-based types. By doing this, results are obtained as follows:(1) The time and space differentiation of the innovation policy environment is obvious. The turning point is found in2010. After that, the innovation policy intensity significantly increased, while the degree of synergy decreased. The intensity of innovation policy does not match with the degree of synergy, both of which show a wedge-shaped spatial structure, but the spatial heterogeneity of them is obvious.(2) The intensity of the synergy of innovation policy environment has significant positive effects on FDI location selection, while the degree of its impact on the heterogeneous knowledge base of FDI varies. The regional innovation policy environment optimization makes it more likely to be the target of analytic and synthetic FDI location selection.(3) Enterprise entry mode, government attitude and layout area have a significant impact on FDI location selection. The impact of business service levels on FDI location selection is significantly positive, while the impact of urban population density and agglomeration economic level is significantly negative. These bring important inspiration to local governments to implement more localized innovation policies and to attract differentiated knowledge base of FDI to build regional competitive advantage.