基于多质点模型的重载列车平稳操纵仿真研究

Simulation Research on the Smooth Operation of Heavy-haul Train Based on Multi-particle Model

随着重载列车长度和重量的增加,列车内部纵向冲击也越来越大。为了保障重载列车自动驾驶的平稳性和安全性,文章对不同工况下重载列车的动力学性能展开了研究。首先建立了多质点重载列车纵向动力学模型,并将其在起车工况和通常运行工况下所计算的结果与列车真实运行数据进行对比,结果显示二者数据吻合度较好。接着对"3+0"牵引108辆编组重载货运列车的工况及牵引力变化对列车冲动的影响进行了仿真研究,结果表明,起车工况下,匀速率加载起车时列车平稳效果最好;在"鱼背"形变坡道牵引转换电制动和空气制动工况下,列车前1/3处于下降坡道时转换成电制动,则列车冲动最小、平稳操纵效果最好(即应该尽可能地在列车1/3~2/3通过坡顶时施加电制动力),而当列车前2/3处于下降坡道时转换成空气制动,平稳操纵效果最好(即应该尽可能地在列车前2/3通过坡顶后施加空气制动力)。

With the increase of length and weight of a heavy-haul train,longitudinal impact inside the train is also increasing to ensure the stability and safety of autonomous driving.This paper firstly compares the calculated results of the established multi-particle heavy-haul train longitudinal dynamics model under starting condition and normal operating condition with real train operating data,and the calculated results are in good agreement with the real data.Then,a simulation study is carried out on a"3+0"marshalling train with 108 heavy freight vehicles,including working conditions and effects of traction force variation on impulse of train.The results show that it is best to start a train at a uniform rate under the starting condition;in the condition of switching from traction to braking in a"fish-back"type variable ramp,the effect of switching to electric braking is best when 1/3 of the train(front part)is on the downhill and the train has the least impulse(that is,electric braking is applied as much as possible after 1/3~2/3 of the train passing through the top of the slope),and the effect of switching to air braking is best when 2/3 of the train(front part)is on the downhill(that is,air braking should be applied as much as possible after 2/3 of the train passes the slope top).