国内外大型储油罐雷击防护标准差异研究

Study on the Difference of Lightning Protection Standards for Large Storage Tanks at Home and Abroad

储油罐雷击火灾事故可导致严重人员伤亡和经济损失。随着我国石油战略储备实施和储罐大型化的发展趋势,增强储罐预防雷击、火灾风险的能力具有重要意义。分析浮顶储罐雷击着火原因包括罐壁和浮盘密封不严导致油气泄漏,雷电感应电弧火花引燃油气混合物。选取中国、美国和俄罗斯储罐防雷技术标准,研究国内外标准在储罐设置接闪器、等电位连接、接地电阻、电气仪表屏蔽和防雷设施检测等方面的技术差异。国外石油行业防雷先进经验和做法包括:根据设备敏感性分区设置接地电阻值,采用电解离子接地极等新型接地材料,综合应用铠装、金属管和电缆槽电缆进行电气仪表屏蔽等。为指导新建储罐防雷设施设计、施工,提高我国油库安全管理水平,分别针对储罐设计、施工质量和运行维护等阶段提出了改进建议。

A lightning fire accident in storage tank can cause serious casualties and economic losses.With the implementation of China petroleum strategic reserve and the development trend of large-scale storage tanks,it is of great significance to enhance the ability of storage tanks to prevent the risk of lightning fire.This paper analyzes the cause of lightning ignition of floating roof storage tank,that is oil and gas leakage caused by defective sealing of tank wall and floating plate,and oil and gas mixture ignited by lightning induction arc spark.The technical standards of lightning protection for storage tanks in China,America and Russia are selected,and the technical differences between domestic and foreign standards on the installation of lightning arrester,equipotential connection,grounding resistance,electrical instrument shielding and lightning protection facility inspection are studied.Advanced experience and practice of lightning protection in foreign petroleum industry include:setting grounding resistance value according to equipment sensitivity zone,using new grounding materials such as electrolytic ion grounding electrode,comprehensively applying armor,metal tube and cable trough cable to shield electrical instruments.In order to guide the design and construction of lightning protection facilities for new storage tanks and improve the safety management level of oil depots in China,the improvement suggestions are put forward respectively for the stages of tank design,construction quality,operation,and maintenance.