高技能人才生态系统要素间的相互关系及其模型构建——以湖北省为例

Elements of High-skilled Talent Ecosystem andIts Model Construction: A Case of Hubei Province

基于“中国制造2025”背景,从生态系统理论的视角对高技能人才的发展问题进行了探讨。利用扎根理论分析了高技能人才生态系统的组成要素,明确了高技能人才生态系统环境与主体、环境与个体、主体与个体三个层面的互动关系和12条要素互动路径,结合生态学理论构建出全面的高技能人才生态系统,明晰了高技能人才生态系统知识技能的循环双向流动与信息的传递功能及中心性与动态性、开放性与自组织性、反馈性与竞合共生性的特征,最后从高技能人才生态系统不同主体的视角提出五条对策与建议,即:政府应加大力度营造有利于高技能人才开发、使用、再开发的政策环境;政府应加强针对职业教育观念的政策引导,推进职业标准体系的修订与重建;高职院校应重构高技能人才发展模式,设立新时代职业教育培养途径;企业应注重新时代职业能力的结构变化,再培养贴合市场需求的高技能人才和加强高技能人才生态系统合作共生的关系,以促进信息与知识技能的多向流动。

Based on“Made in China 2025”,this article discusses the development of high-skilled talents from the perspective of ecosystem theory.Grounded theory was used to study the elements of the high-skilled talent ecosystem.The interaction between environment and subject,environment and individual,subject and individual of high-skilled talent ecosystem and the interaction paths of 12 elements are defined.Combined with the ecological theory,a comprehensive high-skilled talent ecosystem is constructed.The functions of the high-skilled ecosystem are cleared,such as the knowledge and skills cyclic bidirectional flowing and transmission of information.As well as its characteristics,such as centrality and dynamics,openness and self-organization,feedback and co-existence of competition and cooperation.As a result,five countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the perspectives of different subjects of the high-skilled talent ecosystem.The government should make greater efforts to create a policy environment conducive to the development,use and redevelopment of high-skilled talents.The government also need to strengthen the policy guidance for the concept of vocational education and promote the revision and reconstruction of the vocational standard system.Higher vocational colleges should reconstruct the development mode of high-skilled talents and set up the training approaches of vocational education in the new era.Enterprises should pay attention to the structural change of vocational ability in the new era and train high-skilled talents to meet the market demands.The relationship of cooperation and symbiosis in the high-skilled talent ecosystem need to be strengthened,promoting the multi-direction flow of information,knowledge and skills of high-skilled talents.