基于三维激光扫描技术的金沙江“11·03”白格堰塞湖应急测绘研究

Emergency Surveying and Mapping of the Jinsha River“11•03”Baige Dammed Lake Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology

金沙江"11·03"白格堰塞湖坝体随着水位不断上涨极易发生溃坝,严重威胁着下游公共基础设施和人民生命财产的安全。利用三维激光扫描技术能非接触式地快速精确获取地质灾害危险区域的三维坐标数据,为地质灾害应急处置工作提供基础保障性资料。通过将三维激光扫描技术应用到白格堰塞湖的应急抢险工作中,利用快速获取的高精度点云数据制作地形图,建立坝体及周缘区域精细DEM,概算滑坡方量,结合堰塞湖坝体地形特征辅助进行排洪斜槽参数设计,为成功排除白格堰塞湖险情提供了重要决策支持。研究表明:利用三维激光扫描技术不仅高效、高精度地完成了地形测绘工作,通过两期DEM数据叠加概算得出滑坡方量约554万m3,并以此为基础进行了排洪斜槽参数设计,使得险情得到有效缓解,同时也表明三维激光扫描技术在堰塞湖应急测绘中优势明显,对于今后类似地质灾害的应急处置工作具有较好的推广和借鉴意义。

The dam body of the"11.03"Baige dammed lake on the Jinsha River is prone to break with the continuous rise of water level,which seriously threatens the safety of public infrastructure,people′s lives and property downstream.The 3D laser scanning technology can quickly and accurately obtain the 3D coordinate data of the geological disaster dangerous area without any contact,and provide basic supporting data for the geological disaster emergency treatment.By applying the 3D laser scanning technology to the emergency rescue work of Baige dammed lake,the topographic map was made with the high-precision point cloud data,DEM of dam body and surrounding area was established,the landslide volume was estimat⁃ed,and the parameters of the drainage chute were designed with the landform characteristics of the dammed lake dam,which provided important decision support for the successful elimination of the dangerous situation of Baige dammed lake.The study results showed that topographic surveying and mapping was effectively and accurately finished with 3D laser scan⁃ning technology.Through the DEM superimposition of two periods,the estimated landslide volume was about 5.54 million square meters;Based on these,the design of the drainage chute parameters was carried out,which effectively alleviated the dangerous situation.Meanwhile,it revealed that the 3D laser scanning technology has obvious advantages in the emergency mapping of dammed lake,and it is of certain significance for the future emergency disposal of similar geological disasters.