跨项选材视角下散打与拳击运动员后手直拳击打效果及相关指标比较

Comparison of the Effect of Rear Straight Punch and Related Indexes Between Sanda Fighters and Boxers from the Perspective of Cross-Border Talent-Selection

目的比较散打与拳击运动员后手直拳击打效果、双下肢发力指标和CMJ(counter movement jump)指标的差异,为跨项选材和转项后的衔接训练提供参考。方法采用Vicon3D红外动作捕捉系统、Kistler测力台和测力靶以及同步设备对拳击组(n=11)与散打组(n=16)运动员后手直拳技术进行比较。选取拳速指标(3个)、测力靶指标(6个)、双下肢发力指标(5个)和CMJ指标(7个)进行分析。结果拳击组运动员接触拳速和速度衰减率指标与散打组差异显著(P<0.001)。拳击组优秀运动员峰值拳速可达9.301 m·s^(-1),并表现出较高的接触拳速(7.778 m·s^(-1))。测力靶数据6个指标中有4个在2组间差异显著(P<0.001),拳击组运动员双下肢的后腿发力各项指标均与散打组差异显著(P<0.050),CMJ各项指标则在2组间差异不显著(P>0.050)。结论拳击组运动员击打效果优于散打组,双下肢发力指标中的后腿积极发力指标也高于散打组,2组下肢爆发力测试结果相当。如面临转项,散打运动员应弥补技术因素的不足,提升出拳速度、有效击打质量及后腿积极发力能力。

Objective To analyze and compare the differences of rear straight punch techniques and CMJ between freestyle fighters and boxers,so as to provide references for their cross-border talent-selection and transition training.Methods 11 and 16 elite athletes in the two groups were analyzed with Vicon3D infrared motion capture system,three Kistler dynamometers,one dynamometer target and synchronization equipment.3 indicators of boxing speed,6 indicators of force target,5 indicators of lower limb dynamometer and 7 indicators of CMJ were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the speed of contact punch and the rate of speed attenuation(P<0.001).The peak speed of boxing group was 9.301 m/s,showing a higher contact speed of 7.778 m/s.Four significant differences were found among the six force target data(P<0.001).And there were significant differences between the two legs force table and the Sanda group(P<0.050),but no significant difference among the CMJ indexes of the lower limbs(P>0.050)was found.Conclusion Boxing group is better than Sanda group in the effect of hitting,and the two groups are equal in the test of CMJ lower limb explosive force.Among the indexes of both feet strength,the positive index of back feet strength in boxing group is higher than that in Sanda group.Therefore,Sanda players should make up for the lack of technical factors when shifting to boxing training.The speed of punching,the effective punching quality and positive back legs strength should be more stressed in training process.