运动速度对冰球运动员多目标追踪表现的影响特征:一项EEG研究

Effects of Speed on Attention Performance in a Multiple Objects Tracking Task in Ice Hockey Players:An EEG Study

目的探讨运动速度对冰球运动员多目标追踪表现及神经振荡水平的影响。方法选取45名冰球运动员,按照分组标准将冰球运动员分为专家组和新手组,并选取23名普通大学生作为对照组。采用多目标追踪任务,设置慢速、中速、快速3种运动速度条件,测试冰球运动员动态视觉注意的行为表现,并采用高频alpha节律的事件相关谱扰动(event related spectral perturbation,ERSP)值评估在完成多目标追踪任务时的神经振荡水平。结果 (1)追踪正确率:组别与速度交互作用显著(P<0.05)。在慢速条件下,3组被试之间的追踪正确率无显著差异(P>0.05);在中速条件下,对照组的正确率显著低于专家组(P<0.01)和新手组(P<0.05);在快速条件下,专家组的追踪正确率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),专家组与新手组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)高频alpha节律的ERSP值:组别与速度交互作用显著(P<0.05)。在慢速条件下,3组之间的高频alpha节律的ERSP值无显著差异(P>0.05);在中速条件下;对照组的高频alpha节律的ERSP值显著小于专家组(P<0.01)和新手组(P<0.05);在快速条件下,专家组的高频alpha节律的ERSP值显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 (1)运动速度的增加会降低个体追踪表现、增加注意资源消耗;(2)随着运动速度的加快,冰球运动员表现出更强的追踪优势和更少的注意资源消耗,运动技能水平越高,效应越明显。

Objective The effects of speed on the attention performance was investigated in a multiple objects tracking task and neural oscillations of ice hockey players.Methods 45 ice-hockey players were selected and divided into expert group and novice group according to grouping standards,and 23 college students were selected as control group.The visual attention performance was measured by the multiple objects tracking task,set with three different speed conditions of slow speed,medium speed and fast speed,and the neural concussion level was evaluated using high frequency alpha ERSP value at the same time.Results(1)Tracking performance:the interaction between group and speed was significant(P<0.05).In the slow speed condition,there was no significant difference in tracking accuracy among the three groups(P>0.05).Under medium speed condition,the accuracy of control group was significantly lower than that of expert group(P<0.01)and novice group(P<0.05);while the tracking accuracy of the expert group under the fast condition was significant in the control group(P<0.01),and no significant difference was found between the expert group and the novice group(P>0.05).(2)High frequency alpha ERSP value:The interaction of group and speed was significant(P<0.05).Under the slow speed condition,there was no significant difference in the high frequency alpha ERSP level among the three groups(P>0.05).Under the medium speed condition,the high frequency alpha ERSP level in the control group was significantly lower than that in the expert group(P<0.01)and the novice group(P<0.05).Under the fast condition,the high frequency alpha ERSP level of the expert group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01),but no significant difference was found between the expert group and the novice group(P>0.05).Conclusion The performance of tracking multiple-objects decreases,and the consumption of attention resource increases as the speed accelerates.With the acceleration of speed,hockey players show the superiority of tracking performance and less consumption of attention resources.The higher the athletic skill level,the greater the effect.