作品类型兜底条款的证成、选择与适用——兼议非典型作品的著作权保护路径

The Proof,Selection and Application of the Miscellaneous Provision of Types of Work--On the Copyright Protection of Atypical Works

作品类型兜底条款具有逻辑理论基础,回应社会实践需求,与《民法典》知识产权条款相衔接,且未破坏知识产权法定原则,具有必要性与合理性。现行制度体系下,严格作品法定主义限制法官自由裁量权,归入法与拆分法均无法为非典型作品提供全面保护。《著作权法》第三次修订稿将作品类型兜底条款扩张,打破了现行法律作品类型法定的僵局,为非典型作品探索出一条必要、可行且合理的著作权保护路径。同时,应综合考虑激励创作与利益平衡标准、新创作/新情况标准、其他保护路径排除标准等,审慎适用作品类型兜底条款,在激励创新的同时确保公共领域资源的丰富性,寻求作品创作者、传播者以及社会公众的利益平衡,促进文学、艺术和科学领域的文化繁荣。

The miscellaneous provision of types of work has logical theoretical basis,responds to the needs of legal practice,connects with the intellectual property provisions of the Civil Code,and does not undermine the statutory principle of intellectual property,which is necessary and reasonable.Under the current legal system,the statutory principle of types of work limits the judicial discretion,and neither the subsumption method nor the division method can provide comprehensive protection for atypical works.The third revision of the Copyright Law expands the types of work,breaks the deadlock of the current law,and explores a necessary,feasible and reasonable path for the protection of atypical works.At the same time,we should comprehensively consider the criteria of incentive innovation and interest balance,the criteria of new creation or new situation,and exclusion criteria of other protection paths,and prudently apply the miscellaneous clauses of types of work,encourage innovation,ensure the richness of public domain resources,seek the balance of interests of creators,disseminators,and the public,and promote the cultural prosperity of literature,art,and science.