商标侵权中生产者、销售者的责任承担方式——兼论与产品责任中生产者、销售者之区别

The Liability for Trademark Infringement between Producer and Seller--Also on the Difference from the Relationship in Product Liability

非共谋型生产者、销售者在商标侵权中的责任承担问题存在连带责任说(全部连带与部分连带、真正连带与不真正连带)和分别侵权各自责任说两种观点。本文透视了连带责任说在利益平衡、案件审理衔接各方面的缺陷,并对理论界实务界关于分别侵权说的批判进行了回应。特别在《中华人民共和国民法典》明确规定产品责任中生产者、销售者承担不真正连带责任的情况下,本文从主体对应性、损害确定性、行为独立性、销售者责任形态、价值导向等不同,进一步说明为何商标侵权领域二者责任以分别侵权各自责任为宜。

There are two different views on the liability for trademark infringement between non-collusive producer and seller.One is joint and several liability which includes all or some joint and several liability,real or unreal joint and several liability while the other is separate infringement and respective responsibility in the field of trademark infringement.The discussion presented in this paper not only focuses on the existing defects in the aspect of interests balance and connection of different cases but also responds to criticism of separate infringement and respective responsibility.Especially when the Civil Code provides that in the area of product liability producer and seller should take on unreal joint and several liability.This paper also contributes to the effort of explain the reason why separate infringement and respective responsibility should be accepted in respect of trademark infringement from the aspects of subject correspondence,certainty of damage,behavior independence,seller’s form of responsibility,value orientation.