国际生态修复理念与方法对我国新时期国土综合整治的启示

International Ecological Restoration Concepts and the Enlightenment to China s Integrated Land Consolidation in the New Period

随着社会经济的发展和城镇化进程的加速,生态环境日益恶化,人类逐渐认识到不断出现的环境问题带来的严重后果,生态修复作为改善生态环境、保障人类福祉的重要手段,其科学研究和实践探索迅速发展。针对当前我国国土综合整治和生态修复的理念和方法侧重于非生物环境和小范围特定环境的局限,在明确国际生态修复基本概念和内涵的基础上,基于CiteSpace对1988—2020年Web of Science期刊引文数据库中的4220篇生态修复文献,分析发文数量、关键词、前沿热点等,梳理和总结国际生态修复理念演变、不同目标和尺度下的修复方法与措施,提出我国新时期国土综合整治理念应建立可持续发展的社会—生态耦合系统,整治方法应加强生物多样性和生态系统保护、关注景观修复,整治管理应建立社会参与、绩效监督、多元化投入机制,以及整治实施应因地制宜,循序渐进。

The ecological environment is deteriorating with the acceleration of social and economic development and urbanization.As an important means to improve the ecological environment and safeguard human welfare,ecological restoration has developed rapidly in scientific research and practical exploration.In view of the limitations of current concepts and methods of integrated land consolidation and ecological restoration study in China,the paper conducts an international research progress report based on 4220 pieces of ecological restoration literature in the citation database of web of science journals from 1988 to 2020.Employing CiteSpace analysis,it analyzes the number of papers,keywords and cutting-edge hot spots,and combs and summarizes the evolution of the concepts and the restoration methods and measures under different targets and scales of international ecological restoration.It is proposed that integrated land consolidation in the new period of China should set up sustainable development of social-ecological coupling system in conceptual framework,strengthen biodiversity and ecosystem protection and focus on landscape restoration in methods,establish social participation,performance supervision and diversified input mechanism in management,as well as adjust measures to local conditions step by step in implementation.