教育公平视角下我国中学阶段的分层教学探究

Research on the Stratified Teaching in Middle Schools from the Perspective of Educational Equity

教育公平是当前教育发展不可逆转的趋势之一,也是我国新一轮课程与教学改革的重点工作。2019年政府工作报告就提出,我国要发展更加公平更有质量的教育。2019年11月14日教育部召开的新闻通气会也强调“坚决禁止分班考试,实行均衡编班”。然而,这一旨在继续推进教育公平的做法,却再次将“分班”问题推上风口浪尖。基于学情问题来考虑,有人认为分班有违教育公平,而均衡编班只是实现了形式上的教育公平。那么,在“均衡编班”的前提下,集体教学与个体差异的矛盾到底如何避免?学生的差异化发展又如何才能保证实现?以此为出发点,提出将“均衡编班”与“分层教学”相结合,并进一步探讨了“分层教学”对于实现教育公平的重要意义。文章先对“分层教学”进行了概念辨析,进而分析了当前我国中学阶段分层教学存在的问题,并通过提出相应的改进措施,为教育公平大环境下促进学生的差异化发展提供一些思考。

Education equity is the inevitable trend of the development of education in the world,and also the key work of the new round of curriculum and teaching reform in China.In 2019,the report on the work of the government proposed to develop more equitable and quality education.The press conference held by the Ministry of education on November 14,2019 also stressed that"placement test is strictly prohibited and balanced class arrangement is implemented".This practice aiming to continue to promote education equity puts the issue of"class division"on the wave again.Based on the learning situation,some people think that the division of classes is against the educational equity,while the balanced class arrangement only realizes the formal educational equity.So,in this case,how to avoid the contradiction between collective teaching and individual differences?How can students′differentiated development be guaranteed?Based on this point,this paper discusses the significance of"stratified teaching"to the realization of education equity.This paper first analyzes the concept,and then discusses the current problems of stratified teaching in middle schools in China,and puts forward corresponding improvement measures to make some thinking for promoting the development of students′differentiation in the context of education equity.