海权视域下的中苏海洋安全战略比较——以海军战略为视角

The Contrast of Chinese and USSR Navy Strategies Under Sea Power Perspective

国际海洋战略格局随着冷战的结束发生了巨大且影响深远的变化。其主要表现是国际海洋战略格局的轴心地带从大西洋转移至太平洋,除美国外,中国自近代以来首次成为世界海洋战略格局中的主要国家,且实力快速发展的中国海军已被美国视为其海上霸权的挑战者。虽然同为海权思想的产物,后冷战时代的中国海洋战略与戈尔什科夫时代的苏联海洋战略在地缘政治因素、作战环境、海军功能、作战理念等诸多方面有着根本差异。中苏海洋安全战略的差异,很大程度上决定了中美之间竞争和合作并存的海权关系与美苏之间争霸性的海权关系的本质不同。

Since the history of international relation have entered the post-Cold War era,International Ocean Strategy Pattern(IOSP)have begun a dramatic and far-reaching change simultaneously.The axis of IOSP has moved from Atlantic to Pacific,during this processing China and US have become the main figures.As Chinese Navy strength developing rapidly,US regarded China as a new challenger to its maritime supremacy.Both as products of sea power thoughts,the post-Cold War Chinese Navy Strategy have fundamental differences with the Gorshkov version of USSR Navy Strategy on many perspectives,such as Geopolitical factors,the operational environment,the Navy functions,operational concepts.These differences be⁃tween the two kinds of Navy strategies decided that the Sino-US sea power relationship would be competition-cooperation pattern but not the struggle of hegemony pattern between USUSSR.