我国性别失衡的社会风险与治理措施研究

On Social Risk and Measures of Gender Imbalance in China

20世纪80年代以来,中国逐步进入性别失衡社会,并带来一系列的社会问题。基于此背景,文章对现有文献进行梳理,客观呈现我国性别失衡的研究现状,导致性别失衡的根本原因是男孩偏好的驱动、直接原因是便捷医学技术的应用、现实原因是社会环境的塑造;性别失衡产生的社会风险包括宏观的人口风险、社会风险、经济风险、文化风险、公共安全及健康风险和微观的家庭风险、女性及男性健康风险;性别失衡的现有治理措施包括从国家顶层设计的公共政策及地方政府的创新治理模式。

Since the 1980s,China has gradually entered into the gender imbalance society,and brought about a series of social problems.Base on this background,this paper reviews the existing literature and objectively presents the research status of gender imbalance in China.The fundamental cause of the gender imbalance is driven by the male preference,the direct cause of it is the application of the convenient medical technology,and the realistic cause is the shaping of the social environment.The social risks caused by the gender imbalance include the macro population risk,the social risk,the economic risk,the cultural risk,the public safety,the health risk,the micro family risk and the female and male health risk.Existing governance measures for the gender imbalance include public policies designed from the top of the state and innovative governance models of local governments.