减毒活疫苗的野生株与疫苗株病毒鉴别方法研究进展

Research progress on identification methods of wild type and vaccine type viruses in live attenuated vaccine

疫苗接种是预防传染病常用的主要手段。目前常用的减毒活疫苗具有感染的可能性,故鉴别野生株和疫苗株病毒是确定病原体和进行诊断的基础。传统的鉴别方法有基因测序、PCR-限制性片段长度多态性分析等,这些鉴别方法常用且准确性较高,但存在耗时长、要求高等缺陷。实时定量PCR(real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)技术是通过PCR反应体系中荧光物质与核酸片段的作用来反映扩增过程。qPCR技术除了能准确地检测、鉴别野生株和疫苗株外,还具有特异性强、灵敏度高、耗时短等优点,可以为快速鉴别和临床诊断提供帮助。

Vaccination is a common method for the prevention of infectious diseases.Because live attenuated vaccines have the possibility of infection,identifying wild type and vaccine type viruess is the basis for identifying pathogen and performing diagnosis.Traditional identification methods include gene sequencing,PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis,etc.These identification methods with high accuracy are commonly used,but they also have the disadvantages of long time and high requirements.Real-time quantitative PCR technology reflects the amplification process through the interaction of fluorescent substances and nucleic acid fragments in the PCR reaction system.Real-time quantitative PCR technology has the advantages of high specificity,high sensitivity,and short time consuming besides the ability to identify wild type and vaccine type viruses with comparable detection accuracy,which can help with rapid identification and clinical diagnosis.