我国乡村建设的关键与浙江“千万工程”启示

Keys to China'Rural Revitalization and Inspiration from the Special Case in Zhejiang Province

习近平总书记强调,要实施乡村建设行动,继续把公共基础设施建设的重点放在农村,在推进城乡基本公共服务均等化上持续发力,注重加强普惠性、兜底性、基础性民生建设。在阐述我国乡村建设内涵与特点的基础上,提出了乡村建设的三个重要关键,一是既要坚持政府主导,又要引入市场力量;二是既要解决有效供给,又要重视有效管护;三是既要防止大拆大建,又要避免低效配置。在阐释浙江“千万工程”实践及其经验基础上,提出了浙江“千万工程”对我国乡村建设的启示,即在农村社区人居环境建设和治理中,应探索建立“四位一体”的治理体系,也就是“党政合一”的科层治理、“智治合一”的精准治理、“调动群众”的柔性治理以及“激励相容”的市场治理,以充分发挥不同制度对行为主体在乡村社区公共品供给和营运管护中的激励与约束作用。

As General Secretary Xi Jinping highlighted the importance of the rural revitalization,China will continue to promote rural infrastructure investments,make a sustained effort to equalize urban and rural basic public services,and strengthen inclusive programs that help improve livelihoods and provide social welfare assistance.This paper puts forward three keys to China’s rural revitalization after an elaboration of its connotation and characteristics,and the keys are government leadership complemented by market forces,effective supply balanced with effective management and prevention of“mass demolition and mass construction”and inefficient allocation.The paper also sheds light on how the“One Thousand Demonstration Villages and Rectification of Ten Thousand Villages”project in Zhejiang province may inspire rural revitalization nationwide.Specifically,a“four-in-one”governance system for inhabitation in rural areas is proposed,namely,hierarchical governance featured with“unity of party and government”,targeted governance with“digital intelligence”,soft governance with“mass mobilization”,and market governance with“incentive compatibility”.As a result,full play is given to different systems in stimulating and constraining actors in optimizing the supply,management,and protection of public goods in rural communities.