无偿转入土地对粮食生产效率的影响:福利还是负担?

The Effect of Free Farmland Transfer on Grain Production Efficiency:Welfare or Burden?

在分析无偿转入土地对粮食生产效率影响的基础上,运用逆概率加权的方法,实证检验了其影响效果与作用机理。研究发现,与有偿转入土地相比,无偿转入土地是基于家庭社区伦理关系的非市场化行为。在解决了样本选择偏误的基础上,无偿转入土地整体上不利于粮食生产效率提升。其中的原因在于,流转租金缺位的无偿转入土地更容易弱化要素价格的信号功能与农户的生产改进意愿,进而使其在土地细碎化与农业长期投资上不能得到与有偿转入土地农户相同的改进。这一消极影响在户主年龄较小或文化程度较高、获得农业补贴较多或市场化水平较低、转入土地规模较小或期限不明确的农户群体中更为突出。长期来看,随着农村集体经济与新型农业经营主体的继续发展壮大,农村土地无偿流转的情况或将持续减少。但同时,也仍应当充分尊重土地无偿流转的现实选择与价值,立足于各地的具体情况来识别与谋划今后规模化经营的具体方向。

Based on the theoretical analysis of the impact of free farmland transfer on grain production efficiency,this paper empirically tests the effect and influence mechanism by using Inverse Probability Weights(IPW)method.The main findings are as follows:Unlike the paid farmland transfer,the free farmland transfer is a non-market behavior based on the ethical relationship of family and community.After solving the sample selection bias,free farmland transfer fails to improve grain production efficiency.The reason is that the absence of transfer rents makes it easier to weaken the signal function of factor price and the willingness of farmers to improve production,which in turn prevents them from making the same improvement in long-term agricultural investment and avoiding land fragmentation as the farmers who are paid to transfer their farmland.This negative effect is more prominent with the group of farmers whose household heads are younger or better educated,who have more agricultural subsidies or lower marketization level,and whose scale of transferred farmland is small or the duration is unclear.In the long run,with the continuous development of rural collective economy and new agricultural business entities,the free farmland transfer may continue to decrease.But at the same time,based on respecting and affirming the actual choice and value of free farmland transfer,all localities should identify and plan the specific direction of large-scale operation according to the specific situation of various regions.