水库移民多维介入型贫困的动态测度与致贫因素研究

Research on Dynamic Measurement and Poverty-causing Factors of Multidimensional-interventional Poverty of Rural Reservoir Resettlers

将改进的A-F多维贫困测算方法与搬迁前后移民贫困状态的变化相结合,构建了“多维-动态”的介入型贫困测度体系,利用三峡库区农村移民的生计跟踪监测数据,对移民多维贫困指数和致贫机制进行研究。结果表明:水库移民虽已摆脱高维度数贫困,但仍陷入低维度数贫困;工程建设并没有引发严重的冲击型贫困,然而水电开发也没能有效地缓解持久型贫困;搬迁前后移民所处的贫困维度有明显改变,且不同致贫因素对各类动态贫困的影响程度存在差异。据此提出了完善非自愿移民贫困识别与退出机制,区分贫困各维度并精准施策,创新水库移民安置模式,将移民后期扶持与乡村振兴等国家战略有机衔接等建议。

Interventional poverty of rural reservoir migrants is induced by the impact of external engineering forces.The special secondary poverty is different from the primary poverty.It is difficult to measure accurately from the static income and expenditure dimension.This paper combines the improved A-F multidimensional poverty measurement method with the changes of migrants’poverty status before and after relocation,and tries to construct a“multidimensional-dynamic”interventional poverty measurement system.Based on the monitoring data of rural migrants’livelihood in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,this paper studies the multidimensional poverty index and poverty-causing mechanism of migrants based on five non-income dimensions under the framework of physical assets and human capital,dynamic poverty types such as persistent type,impact type and temporary poverty-alleviation type.The results show that the reservoir migrants have got rid of high dimensional poverty,but fallen into low dimensional poverty;construction projects have not caused serious impact poverty,but neither has hydro-power development effectively alleviated persistent poverty;the poverty dimensions of migrants before and after relocation have changed significantly,and the influence of different poverty-causing factors on dynamic poverty varies.Accordingly,suggestions were made to improve the poverty identification and withdrawal mechanism for involuntary migrants,distinguish between different dimensions of poverty,and provide accurate solutions,innovate the resettlement model of reservoirs,and organically coordinate national support for resettlement,precision poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.