传染病专科医院血源性病原体职业接触监测分析与对策

Surveillance and countermeasures of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in infectious disease hospital

目的分析传染病专科医院血源性病原体职业接触发生情况,为降低职业暴露对策的制定提供依据。方法对2012年1月1日—2017年12月31日原解放军第三○二医院(三级甲等传染病专科医院)发生血源性病原体职业接触相关信息资料进行描述性统计分析。结果血源性病原体职业接触的发生以女性(87.69%)、护理人员(75.39%)为主,职业接触方式主要为针刺伤(87.69%),职业接触部位主要为手(92.31%),污染物类型主要为患者血液及其他体液(91.54%),源患者中HBV感染最多(53.08%),职业接触主要发生在锐器(针具)使用过程和用后处理过程。结论实习护理人员和保洁人员须要给予特别关注。在消除风险、工程控制、管理控制等方面采取多种措施相结合的方式降低职业接触发生率。

Objective To analyze the occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens in infectious disease hospital and provide countermeasures for reducing the incidence of occupational exposure.Methods A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the information of occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens occurred in former 302 Military Hospital(a tertiary level-A specialized hospital of infectious disease)from January 1,2012 to December 31,2017.Results The occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens mainly occurred in women(87.69%)and nurses(75.39%).The main occupational exposure approach was needle-stick injury(87.69%).The main occupational exposure site was hands(92.31%).The main pollutant types were blood and other body fluids(91.54%).HBV infected patients were the most dominant among source patients(53.08%).Occupational exposure predominantly occurred during the using process and in post-processing process of sharp instruments(needles).Conclusions Internship nurses and cleaning staffs should be paid special attention.In order to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure.Various measures should be taken in terms of risk eliminating,project control and management control.