气吸滚筒式玉米植质钵盘精密播种装置优化设计与试验

Optimization Design and Test of Suction Derformance of Air Suction Cylinder Type Precise Seeding Device for Maize with Plant Material Bowl-tray

为适应玉米植质钵育农艺对播种机的要求,设计了气吸滚筒式玉米植质钵盘精密播种装置。通过理论分析建立了种子吸种过程的动力学模型,得到影响吸种性能的主要因素为负压、前进速度、充种角。对吸种过程进行模拟仿真设计,进一步确定了影响种子吸附的主要因素。最后进行了播种装置性能试验,以合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数为分析指标,通过三因素四水平正交试验得出最优参数组合为:前进速度0.22 m/s、负压1 200 Pa、充种角20°,在此条件下进行了验证试验,得出合格指数为90.48%、漏播指数为4.24%、重播指数为5.28%,结果表明该播种装置满足播种机的播种要求。

In order to meet the requirements of plant material bowl seeding agronomy on the seeder,a reasonable structure of air suction cylinder type precise seeding device for maize with plant material bowl tray has been designed. The structural parameters of key components are determined by theoretical analysis. The dynamic model of seed suction process is established. The main factors affecting the suction performance indicators are the negative pressure,the forward speed and the suction angle. The simulation design was carried out to determine the influencing factors further. Finally,the performance test of the seeding device was carried out. The orthogonal test of three factors and four levels was adopted taking the qualified rate,missing seeding rate and the repetition rate as the performance indexes. The results showed that the main factors affecting the qualified index were negative pressure,forward speed and seed suction angle. The primary and secondary factors affecting the missing seeding index were negative pressure,suction angle and forward speed;the primary and secondary factors affecting the replay index were ngative pressure,forward speed and seed suction angle. The optimal parameter combination is that the forward speed is 0. 22 m/s,the negative pressure is 1 200 Pa and the suction angle is 20°. Under this condition,the qualified index is 90. 48%,the missing sowing index is 4. 24% and the replaying index is5. 28%,which meet the design requirements. The average performance index in this paper is different from the national standard. After many experiments,it is found that the population flow characteristics in the seed box have certain influence on the seed filling performance,and then affect the seeding performance of the device. The impact of liquidity needs to be further studied in the future.