四通道全自动油茶成熟鲜果脱壳机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Four-channel Fully Automatic Shelling Machine for Ripe Fresh Camellia oleifera Fruit

针对油茶成熟鲜果在脱壳过程中存在脱净率低、茶籽破损率高等问题,设计了一种四通道全自动油茶成熟鲜果脱壳机。通过对油茶果进行四通道分级,使不同大小的油茶果进入相应的脱壳滚筒内,通过油茶果与脱壳套筒的相互撞击以及油茶果之间碰撞、挤压、搓擦的综合作用实现脱壳。选取油茶成熟鲜果为研究对象,以茶果脱净率、茶籽破损率为评价指标,以茶果喂入量、脱壳杆扭度和脱壳杆直径为试验因素,采用L9(3^(4))正交试验、方差分析和加权综合评分法对油茶成熟鲜果脱壳机的脱壳效果进行分析。结果表明:当茶果喂入量1 500 kg/h、脱壳杆扭度30°、脱壳杆直径23 mm时,该脱壳机脱壳效果最佳。对脱壳机进行3次最佳参数组合下的脱壳试验,取3次试验结果的平均值作为油茶成熟鲜果脱壳机最终的脱净率和茶籽破损率,计算得出该脱壳机的脱净率为98.85%、茶籽破损率为3.24%,研究表明,该四通道全自动油茶成熟鲜果脱壳机达到预期设计目标,能够较好地完成油茶果脱壳作业。

Aiming at the problems of low shelling rate and high breakage rate in the process of shelling ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruits,a four-channel fully automatic shelling machine was designed. The shelling machine classified the Camellia oleifera fruit through four channels,so that the Camellia oleifera fruit within a certain size range entered the corresponding shelling drum. In the shelling drum,Camellia oleifera fruit was shelled through the comprehensive action of mutual impact with the shelling sleeve and collision,extrusion and rubbing between Camellia oleifera fruit. By selecting the ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruit as the research object,the shelling rate of Camellia oleifera fruit and the breakage rate of Camellia oleifera seeds were used as the evaluation indicators,and the feed amount of camellia oleifera fruit,the twisting rate of the shelling bar and the diameter of the shelling rod was the experimental factor.The L9( 3^(4)) orthogonal test,analysis of variance and weighted comprehensive scoring method were used to analyze the shelling effect of the ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruit shelling machine. The test result showed that the feeding amount of Camellia oleifera fruit was 1 500 kg/h,the twisting degree of the shelling rod was 30°,and the diameter of the shelling rod was 23 mm,the shelling machine achieved the best shelling effect. The shelling machine was tested three times with the best combination of parameters,and the average value of the three tests was taken as the final shelling rate and breakage rate. After calculation and analysis,the shelling rate of the ripe fresh Camellia oleifera fruit shelling machine was98. 85%,and the seed breakage rate was 3. 24%,the test results showed that the four-channel fully automatic Camellia oleifera ripe fresh fruit shelling machine reached the expected design goal and can well complete the Camellia oleifera fruit shelling operation.