广州市2019至2020年高考体检学生肺结核患病情况分析

Pulmonary tuberculosis in college entrance examination students in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020

目的分析广州市2019至2020年高考体检学生肺结核病的特点,以更好地做好学校结核病防控工作。方法对广州市2019至2020年高考体检诊断为肺结核学生的临床症状、肺部病灶、病原学情况、耐药情况、治疗结局等情况进行分析。结果2019年参加高考体检学生79168人,检出40例,2020年参加高考体检学生56305人,检出51例,检出率2019年为50.53/10万,2020年为90.58/10万,绝大部分病例无临床症状,平均确诊时间9.3d。91例患者中,2例单纯结核性胸膜炎,89例继发性肺结核患者。89例继发性肺结核患者中肺部病灶不超过2个肺野的共71例,占79.8%;有空洞10例,占11.2%。91例患者中病原学阳性41例,占45.1%。未发现耐多药患者,所有病例经治疗后均治愈或完成治疗。结论广州市近2年高考体检学生肺结核检出率较高,病原学阳性病例较多,在今后的工作中需加强学校结核病防控工作。

Objective To promote pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in schools analyzing the characteristics of tuberculosis in the college entrance examination students in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020.Methods The clinical symptoms,pulmonary lesions,etiology,drug resistance,and treatment outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis inthe college entrance examination students in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed.Results The detection rate of tuberculosis was 50.53/100000(40 cases)in the 79168 students in 2019,and was 90.58/100000(51 cases)in the 56305 students in 2020;most cases had no clinical symptoms;the average diagnosis time was 9.3 days.Among the 91 cases,2 had simple tuberculous pleuritic and 89 secondary pulmonary tuberculosis.Among the 89 cases of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis,71 cases(79.8%)got lung lesions less than two lung fields,and 10 cases(11.2%)had cavity.Of the 91 cases,41(45.1%)were pathologically positive.No MDR patients were found.All the cases were cured after treatment or completed treatment.Conclusions In recent two years,the detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in college entrance examination students in Guangzhou is relatively high,with scores of positive cases.In the future,we need to strengthen the prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools.