施肥对红豆树苗木生长、根系结瘤和矿质营养的影响

Effects of Fertilization on Growth,Root Nodulation and Mineral Nutrition of Ormosia hosiei Seedlings

探讨几种市售肥料对红豆树(Ormosia hosiei)苗木各器官生长发育及养分含量的影响,为培育红豆树优质苗木选用肥料提供参考。以红豆树当年生大田苗为试材,采用3种常见肥料(复合肥、缓释肥和尿素)分3个施肥水平进行施肥试验,测定苗高、地径、根系指标、根系结瘤指标、各器官生物量及N、P、K含量,对不同施肥处理苗木质量进行综合评价。不同施肥处理对红豆树苗木生长、结瘤和矿质营养均有显著或极显著影响。施缓释肥和复合肥的处理表现为随施肥量的增加苗木的生长和生理指标均表现出先增后降趋势,施尿素则表现为随施肥量增加呈逐渐递减趋势。通过隶属函数对苗木质量进行综合评价,表明缓释肥30 g·m^(-2)为最佳施肥处理,其苗高增量、各根系质量指标、各生物量指标、结瘤数量以及根、茎、叶的N、P、K含量均为最大。红豆树当年生苗木密度为50株·m^(-2)时,施用缓释肥(N-P-K:30-6-7)30 g·m^(-2)可以有效提高红豆树的苗木质量。

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of several commercially available fertilizers on the growth,development and nutrient content of Ormosia hosiei seedlings,so as to provide a reference for the selection of fertilizers for the cultivation of high-quality O.hosiei seedlings.The annual O.hosiei seedlings were used as experimental materials,and three kinds of common fertilizers(compound fertilizer,slow-release fertilizer and urea)were applied in the fertilization experiments at three levels.The seedling height,ground diameter,root index,nodulation index,biomass of various organs and N,P,K content were measured.And the seedling quality of different fertilization treatments was comprehensively evaluated.Different fertilization treatments had significant or extremely significant effects on the growth,nodulation and mineral nutrition of annual O.hosiei seedlings.The treatment of slow release fertilizer and compound fertilizer showed that the growth and physiological indexes of seedlings increased at first and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer application,while the treatment of urea application showed a gradually decreasing trend with the increase of fertilization.According to the comprehensive evaluation of seedling quality by membership function,slow-release fertilizer treatment(30 g·m^(-2))was the best fertilization treatment,and its seedling height increment,root quality index,biomass index,nodulation number and N,P,K content of root,stem and leaf were the highest.The application of 30 g·m^(-2) slow-release fertilizer(N-P-K:30-6-7)could effectively improve the seedling quality of O.hosiei when the annual seedling density was fifty seedlings per square meter.