上海青浦地区3种鹭科鸟类活动性和栖息地利用的卫星追踪

Satellite-Tracking on the Movements and Habitat Use of three Species in Ardeidae at Qingpu,Shanghai

为了解上海青浦地区混群繁殖鹭类的活动规律以及夜宿地和觅食地利用的种间差异,本研究选择青浦地区3种鹭类优势种——池鹭(Ardeola bacchus)、白鹭(Egretta garzetta)和夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)作为研究对象,于2018年6月和7月在青浦郊野公园捕捉鹭类并佩戴GPS-GSM追踪设备,截至2019年7月底,共获得了5只追踪时间在86~377天之间的活动信息(1只池鹭、2只白鹭和2只夜鹭).结果显示:这5只鹭鸟没有表现出明显的长距离迁徙,仅扩散到离巢区不远的范围,最远达淀山湖以南的沪浙交界处,活动范围的面积存在较大的种内和种间差异.池鹭与白鹭的活动节律相近,均为白天活动、夜晚休息,但栖息地利用具有明显差异,池鹭夜晚和白天的主要栖息地分别是林地和莲池水塘,白鹭夜晚和白天的主要栖息地分别是林地和农田.夜鹭多在夜间活动,但两只夜鹭个体在夜间的栖息地也存在很大不同.连续追踪一整年的白鹭个体的每日移动距离在冬季明显增加,这可能与冬季食物资源较少有关.本研究表明鹭类主要利用农田和莲池水塘等人工栖息地,适宜强度的农业活动可能并不影响鹭类的种群维持.

To detect the annual activity patterns and habitat use of mixed breeding birds in Ardeidae at the suburbs of Shanghai,GPS-GSM transmitters were deployed on Chinese pond heron(Ardeola bacchus),little egret(Egretta garzetta)and black-crowned night heron(Nycticorax nycticorax)at Qingpu Country Park in June and July 2018.The movements of one Chinese pond heron,two little egrets and two black-crowned night herons were obtained(86—377 days for each individual)for analysis.Results showed that all the three species left the nesting site after breeding season,while they were not far away from the nesting site.There were both intraspecific and interspecific differences in their home range.The Chinese pond heron and the little egret exhibited similar activity rhythm,with generally moving at the daytime and resting at night.The Chinese pond heron mainly used woodland and lotus ponds at both day and night;while the little egrets mainly used farmland in the daytime and woodland at night.The black-crowned night heron exhibited intense movement at night,although they also moved in the daytime.There were large differences in habitat use between the two individuals of the black-crowned night heron.The little egret that was tracked for a whole year exhibited an increase of home range in winter.This might be related to the decreased available food in cold season.Although the sample size is small,the results indicate that the three species exhibited large temporal and spatial differences in habitat use.Artifical habitats are extensively used by all the three species,suggesting that agricultural activities at suitable intensity would not disadvantageously affect their population maintenance.