乌拉特荒漠区植被类型及土壤特征

Vegetation Types and Soil Characteristics in Wulat Desert Area

以乌拉特荒漠为研究区,通过10 km×10 km网格均匀布设点位,采用样方法对自然植被展开调查并对研究区土壤特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)研究区共137种植物,隶属于25科80属;生活型以草本为主,占总植物种数的67.88%;水分生态类型以旱生植物为主,占总数的76.64%。(2)依据《中国植被》将乌拉特荒漠植被类型划分为3个植被亚型、5个群系组、14个群系,主要以珍珠猪毛菜荒漠群系占优势,其含样点数占全部荒漠样点数的16.35%。(3)植被物种组成相对单一,分布范围为5~25种。(4)物种多样性指数与土壤养分存在不同程度的相关性,均匀度指数与土壤容重、含水率、孔隙度等均呈负相关关系,丰富度指数、多样性指数与土壤容重及全氮、全磷、有机质含量均呈负相关关系,土壤含水率为该区植物丰富度指数的决定性因子。

Taking Wulat desert as the research area,we investigated and analyzed the natural vegetation and the soil characteristics with the sampling method.The results show that:(1)there are 137 species of plants in the study area,belonging to 25 families and 80 genera.Herbaceous plants are the main life forms,accounting for 67.88%of the total plant species.Xerophytes are the main water ecological types,accounting for 76.64%of the total.(2)According to the vegetation of China,the vegetation types of Wulat desert can be divided into 3 vegetation subtypes,5 formation groups and 14 formations.The dominant formation is Salsola paserina desert,and the number of its clusters accounts for 16.35%of the total desert clusters.(3)The species composition of vegetation is relatively single,ranging from 5 to 25 species.(4)The evenness index was negatively correlated with soil bulk density,water content and porosity,while the richness index and diversity index were negatively correlated with soil bulk density,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and organic matter.