云南地区早产儿家庭参与式预出院过渡病房的建立及效果评价

Establishment of Pre-discharge Transitional Wards with Family Participation for Preterm Neonates in Yunnan Province and Its Effect Evaluation

目的:探讨云南地区早产儿家庭参与式预出院过渡病房的建立意义及效果评价。方法:选取2019年1月至2020年1月在云南某三级甲等儿童专科医院新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)住院早产儿病情严重程度、家庭背景等特征相匹配的45对早产儿家庭作为研究对象,对照组早产儿在NICU治疗直至出院,试验组早产儿计划出院前在家庭过渡病房由父母共同参与护理直至出院;比较两组早产儿出院后家长院外护理的能力及早产儿的生活质量。结果:试验组早产儿出院时照顾者的照顾能力显著高于对照组,出院后1月内早产儿非原发疾病再次就诊率试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组和对照组均未发生医院内感染。结论:家庭参与式护理早产儿过渡病房的建立可以提高照顾者的照护能力,提升早产儿出院后的生活质量,是基于目前医疗体制下可推行的照顾策略。

Objective:To explore the significance and effect of the establishment of pre-discharge transitional wards with family participation for preterm neonates in Yunnan Province.Methods:We selected 45 pairs of premature infants with similar degrees of illness and family backgrounds,who were hospitalized in NICU of a Grade-A Children′s Hospital in Yunnan Province from January 2019 to January 2020.Preterm neonates in the control group were treated in NICU until discharged from hospital,while preterm neonates in the experimental group were treated on the transitional ward with parents participating in nursing care before discharge.We compared parents′abilities to care for preterm neonates outside of the hospital and the life quality of neonates after discharge between the two groups.Results:The care ability of caregivers in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and the visit rate of non-primary diseases in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group within 1 month after discharge,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were no nosocomial infections both in the experimental and control groups.Conclusion:The establishment of transitional wards with the family participating in nursing care for premature infants can enhance the care ability of caregivers and improve the life quality of premature infants after discharge.This is a care strategy which should be recommended under the current medical system.