岩溶断陷盆地典型县域石漠化治理综合效益评价——以云南建水县为例

Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation of Rocky Desertification Control in the Typical County of Karst Fault Basin:A Case Study of Jianshui County,Yunnan Province

云南省建水县境内分布有建水盆地、曲江盆地两大盆地,是岩溶断陷盆地区的典型代表,并且是石漠化综合治理工程“十三五”建设的重点县域,近十年来石漠化治理产生了明显的成效。为探究岩溶断陷盆地石漠化治理的成效,文章以建水县为例,基于2007—2017年Landsat TM数据,森林资源二类调查数据、石漠化监测数据及社会经济年鉴数据,借助主成分分析法、熵值法建立了建水县石漠化治理效益评价体系,对建水县石漠化治理效益进行了综合性评价。研究表明:①2013年以前综合效益及生态、经济、社会效益均呈现出上升的趋势,2013年以后,各项效益上升幅度开始减小。②建水县石漠化治理综合效益及经济、社会、生态效益存在正向可持续性,且经济和生态效益的可持续性要明显高于社会效益。③从指标层来看,限制社会效益的主要因素为外出打工人口增加率及空巢老人数目增加率,区域吸引力不足。生态效益中植被覆盖增加和石漠化面积减少在人口较少、生态修复力度较大的山区更为明显。而经济效益中,粮食产量上升趋势明显低于二三产业经济生产总值占比和经济作物收益的增加趋势。建水县石漠化治理以来,产业结构得到了改善,石漠化面积减少,居民满意度得到了提升。

To investigate the contribution of the Comprehensive Rock Desertification Control Project to environment,the authors set up a comprehensive efficiency evaluation index system of the Comprehensive Rock Desertification Control Project.Principal component analysis method and entropy method were used to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of Rock Desertification Control Project of Jianshui,which is a typical county in 13th Five-Year Plan in the Comprehensive Rock Desertification Control Project.The efficiencies of three types,ecological efficiency,economic efficiency and social efficiency,were evaluated.The results are as follows:①During 2007-2013,comprehensive benefits and ecological,economic,and social benefits showed an upward trend.However,the increasing range began to decrease from 2013.②Positive sustainability appeared in the comprehensive benefits and economic,social and ecological benefits of rocky desertification control in Jianshui County.And the economic and ecological benefits in sustainability were significantly higher than the social benefits.Among the economic benefits,the rise of grain output was obviously lower than the increasing trend of the proportion of the secondary and tertiary industries in the total economic output and the income of cash crops.In Summary,from the beginning of the control of rocky desertification in Jianshui County,the industrial structure has been improved,the area of rocky desertification has been reduced,and the satisfaction of residents has been improved.