新疆棉田土壤微生物资源大数据平台建设与可视化分析

Construction of a Visual Analysis Platform for Microorganism Resources Big Data from Cotton Fields in Xinjiang, China

【目的】本研究旨在开展新疆棉田土壤微生物资源大数据与多元异构农业资源数据间基础调查及信息的有效整合与科学分析。【方法】根据新疆不同地区及不同成熟度的棉花种植分区,在新疆生产兵团棉花生产农业大数据平台的基础上,建立中国典型棉田生态系统的微生物组数据库及大数据可视化分析流程。通过LEfse差异分析、RDA冗余分析等手段,解析2017—2019年的新疆棉田土壤微生物多样性和群落结构,并采用建模等方式,实现对棉田土壤微生物资源与多元异构农业资源数据的有效整合。【结果】建成了包含约1.7 GB的土壤微生物信息和5~6 GB环境信息的新疆棉田土壤微生物资源数据库和土壤微生物多样性的可视化分析流程。利用该平台,经分析发现:新疆地区的特早熟棉区(博乐、石河子、阜康),早熟棉区(奎屯),早中熟棉区(哈密)的棉田土壤细菌群落结构在门水平上变化较大,主要类群变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占20.9~29.8%,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)占16.1~30.6%,疣微菌门(Verrucomi-crobia)占8.7~28.9%,绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)占6.6~21.2%。LEfse分析显示差异物种共计255种,其中鞘脂单胞菌(Sphingomonadales)、脱硫杆菌(Desulfobacterales)、地杆菌(Geobacter)等是北疆棉区微生物群落结构差异的主要物种。【结论】通过对新疆棉田土壤微生物多样性数据的收集、管理、及分析,为新疆生产兵团棉花生产农业大数据平台的构建与应用起到了重要的支撑作用,将为我国棉田土壤微生物多样性资源的保护和利用奠定科学基础。

[Objective]The effective integration and scientific analyses of basic information between the big data of Xinjiang cotton field soil microbial resources and the multiple heterogeneous agricultural resources data were performed.[Method]In accordance with cotton planting areas in different regions and of different maturity levels in Xinjiang,as determined using the agricultural big data platform of Xinjiang Production Corp.,the microbial group database and big data visualization analysis process of a typical cotton field ecosystem in China were established.Using LEfse and an RDA analysis,the soil microbial diversity and community structure in Xinjiang cotton fields from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed,and the effective integration of cotton field soil microbial resources and multiple heterogeneous agricultural resources data was realized by modeling.[Results]The Xinjiang cotton field soil microbial resources database and the visualization analysis of soil microbial diversity,which provided approximately 1.7 GB of soil microbial information and 5–6 GB of environmental information,were preliminarily established.Using the platform,soil bacterial community structures in the Exceptional Early Maturing Cotton Areas(Bole,Shihezi,and Fukang),Early Maturing Cotton Area(Kuitun),and Early-Middle Maturing Cotton Area(Hami)were found to have changed greatly at the phylum level,with Proteobacteria accounting for 20.9%to 29.8%,Acidobacteria accounting for 16.1%to 30.6%,Verrucomicrobia accounting for 7.0%to 28.9%,and Chloroflexi accounting for 6.6%to 21.2%.The LEfse revealed that there were 255 different species,with Sphingomonasdales,Desulfobacterales,and Geobacter being the main species having different microbial community structures in Northern Xinjiang.[Conclusion]The collection,management,and analysis of soil microbial diversity data in the Xinjiang cotton area plays an important supporting role in the construction and application of a big data platform for cotton production and agriculture from the Xinjiang Production Corp.,which will lay a scientific foundation for the protection and utilization of soil microbial diversity resources in China.