蔬菜全产业链大数据平台建设与应用研究——以大白菜为例

Research on the Construction and Application of a Big Data Platform for the Whole Vegetable Industry Chain: The Case of Chinese Cabbage

在我国,蔬菜是除粮食作物外栽培面积最广、经济地位最重要的作物,已成为我国农业和农村经济发展的重要支柱型产业。其中,大白菜全年播种面积约4000万亩,约占全国蔬菜总播种面积的15%,是我国栽培面积最大的蔬菜作物。考虑到大白菜产量巨大、产地集中、规模化程度高、数据获取相对容易,本文以大白菜产业为研究对象,在分析产业链发展中市场信息不对称、规模化种植程度低、流通成本高、产业碎片化等系列现象和问题的基础上,规划了依托上下游数据资源,综合运用大数据、物联网、卫星遥感、人工智能等信息技术的蔬菜全产业链大数据平台总体架构,设计了基于生产、加工、消费、流通、监管和贸易等全产业链数据资源体系和大数据挖掘分析技术的监测预警、分析决策、公共服务和移动应用等功能和服务。其中,监测预警功能提供对面积、产量、价格、消费等关键指标信息的预警服务;分析决策功能提供品质评价和主题分析等决策服务;公共服务功能提供查询统计、监测报告、预警信息等数据增值服务;移动应用功能提供数据填报、信息查询、专家知识等基础服务。平台建设将打造蔬菜全产业链的数据、技术、应用和服务协同发展体系,全面提升蔬菜产业的数据资源掌控能力、技术应用支撑能力、产业价值发掘能力和宏观政策决策能力,推动蔬菜产业的科学、健康发展。

In China,vegetables are widely cultivated for both subsistence and commercial purposes,and their production has become an important component of the agricultural sector and the rural economy.This article focuses on the Chinese cabbage industry to explore the value of big data platforms in promoting agricultural production efficiencies and effectiveness.The annual sown area of Chinese cabbage is about 40 million mu,accounting for about 15%of the total sown area of vegetables in the country and making it the country’s largest vegetable crop.The huge output of Chinese cabbage is produced from a concentrated area,with a high degree of scale,and relatively easy data acquisition and distribution.This research field offers opportunities to analyze the effects of market information asymmetry,limited large-scale planting,and high circulation costs on the development of agricultural industries.To reduce problems associated with industrial fragmentation,the structure of a big data platform for a vegetable crop will include data from across the industry value chain.Upstream and downstream data collection will make comprehensive use of big data,Internet of Things,satellite remote sensing,artificial intelligence and other information technologies.The data platform will support a wide array of functions and services such as monitoring and early warning,analysis and decision-making,big data mining and analysis,public services and mobile applications to address different industry needs,including production,processing,consumption,circulation,supervision and trade.The monitoring and early warning function provides early warning services for key indicators such as area,output,price,and consumption;the analytical decision function provides decision-making services such as quality evaluation and theme analysis;and the public service function provides data value-added query statistics,monitoring reports,and early warning information.Services include mobile applications providing basic services such as data reporting,information query,and expert knowledge.The construction of the platform will create a coordinated development environment of data,technology,applications,and services for the entire vegetable industry chain.This resource will improve the vegetable industry’s abilities to control its data,support technical applications,discover new industry value,and make macro policy decisions,thus promoting healthy industry growth through science.