赛博格是一种后人类吗?——论赛博格的动物性之维

Is Cyborg a Post-Human?:On Cyborg’s Animal Dimension

哈拉维提出的赛博格概念被认为是后人类的一种实现形式,但是哈拉维却否认自己是一个后人类主义者。后人类主义认为赛博格化就是人类转变为机器的过程,但是这种对人类的理解中隐含了一种人与动物的形而上学的二分。对人与动物/机器的区分源自于笛卡尔,而林奈从博物学的角度论证了人与动物并无区别。海德格尔把人与动物的区分恢复为了一个哲学问题,从存在论的层面论证动物与人的区别就是贫乏世界。赛博格像动物一样麻痹于被集置支配的技术社会系统,人的赛博格化就是人的动物化。人之人性并非一种现成之物,而是与人的动物性不断对抗中被确定的。人之为人并非一种现成状态,而是一项持续性的事业。接续海德格尔对人道主义的批判,赛博格并非一种后人类,而是一种后人道主义的人。

The concept of cyborg proposed by Haraway is considered to be a form of post-human,but Haraway denies that she is a post-humanist.Post-humanism holds that cyberization is the process of human being transforming into machine,but there is a metaphysical dichotomy between human and animal in this understanding of human being.The distinction between human and animal/machine comes from Descartes,while Linnaeus proves that there is no difference between human and animal from the perspective of natural history.Heidegger restored the distinction between human and animal as a philosophical problem,and demonstrated that the difference between animal and human is weltarmut from the perspective of ontology.Cyborg,like animals,is paralyzed in the sociotechnical systems dominated by the collective,and human’s cyberization is human’s animalization.Humanity is not a ready-made thing,but is determined in the constant confrontation with human’s animality.Being human is not a ready-made state,but a sustainable business.Following Heidegger’s criticism of humanism,cyborg is not a post-human,but a post-humanist man.