液体活检技术在肺癌辅助诊断中的应用研究进展

Application of Liquid Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

肺癌是较常见的恶性肿瘤疾病,随着现代医疗技术的发展,除常规的X线、支气管镜等检查诊断方式外,还可对肺癌患者行液体活检检查诊断方式。循环肿瘤细胞是指自行或因诊疗操作致其脱落后进入外周血的肿瘤细胞,循环肿瘤DNA则为肿瘤细胞体细胞DNA脱落或当细胞凋亡后自动释放进入人体自身循环系统,微小核糖核酸对人体基因表达有重要调节作用,且若人体出现肿瘤病症,则微小核糖核酸的表达必定会出现异常,外泌体则可通过促进新生血管的生成,来促进肿瘤细胞的转移。因此利用液体活检技术对这几项指标数据进行检验,可有效评估受检者具体病情。可提升其整体的确诊率,且可使医师对患者肿瘤转移等情况有进一步了解。

Lung cancer is a common malignant tumor disease.With the development of modern medical technology,in addition to conventional X-ray and bronchoscopy,liquid biopsy can also be used for diagnosis of lung cancer.The circulating tumor cells refer to tumor cells that fall off and enter the peripheral blood due to diagnosis and treatment,circulating tumor DNA refers to the DNA shedding of tumor cells or the DNA that automatically releases into the human circulatory system after cell apoptosis.MicroRNA plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in human body.If the human body has tumor disease,the expression of microRNA must be abnormal.Exosomes can promote the metastasis of tumor cells by promoting the formation of new blood vessels.Therefore,the use of liquid biopsy technology to test the data of these indicators can effectively evaluate the specific condition of the examinees.It can improve the overall diagnosis rate,and make doctors have a further understanding of patients with tumor metastasis.