水蒸气蒸馏与顶空进样GC-MS法分析细辛挥发性成分

Analysis of volatile components in Asarum heterotropoides by steam distillation and headspace injection gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method

[目的]分析比较水蒸气蒸馏法与顶空进样法提取得到的细辛中挥发性成分。[方法]使用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对2种提取方法所得的化学成分进行定性分析。[结果]结合两种方法共提取出73种挥发性成分,共有成分有28种,分别占两种方法提取挥发油总相对含量的31.46%和61.55%。其中水蒸气蒸馏法提取得到的细辛挥发油中共鉴定出35个化学成分,占挥发性成分总含量的33.75%,以酚类,萜烯类,苯丙类为主,主要化合物有甲基丁香酚(11.97%)、3-蒈烯(3.64%)、黄樟醚(2.61%)等。顶空进样法提取得到的细辛挥发油中共鉴定出66个化学成分,占挥发性成分总含量的87.16%,以苯丙类,醚类,萜烯类为主,主要化合物有黄樟醚(11.27%)、甲基丁香酚(10.37%)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(8.49%)、正十六烷(7.60%)、3,5-二甲氧基甲苯(7.51%)、2,4,6-三甲氧基甲苯(5.41%)、3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯(4.19%)、右旋龙脑(3.74%)、β-蒎烯(3.30%)、α-蒎烯(3.18%)、优葛缕酮(2.37%)等。[结论]两种方法提取得到的细辛挥发油的化学成分种类和相对含量均有所差异,结合两种方法可建立更全面的细辛挥发性成分的GC-MS信息。

[Objective]To analyze and compare the volatile components in Asarum heterotropoides extracted by steam distillation and headspace injection methods.[Methods]The qualitative analysis of the chemical components obtained by the two extraction methods was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).[Results]A total of 73 volatile components were extracted by the two methods.There are 28 components in common,accounting for 31.46%and 61.55%of the total relative content of the volatile oil extracted by the two methods.Among them,35 chemical components were identified in the volatile oil of Asarum heterotropoides extracted by steam distillation,accounting for 33.75%of the total content of volatile components,mainly phenols,terpenes,and styrenes.The main compound is methyl eugenol(11.97%),3-carene(3.64%),safrole(2.61%),etc.A total of 66 chemical components were identified in the volatile oil of Asarum heterotropoides extracted by the headspace injection method,accounting for 87.16%of the total content of volatile components,mainly phenylpropane,ethers,and terpenes.The main compound is safrole(11.27%),methyl eugenol(10.37%),diethyl phthalate(8.49%),n-hexadecane(7.60%),3,5-dimethoxytoluene(7.51%),2,4,6-Trimethoxytoluene(5.41%),3,4,5-Trimethoxytoluene(4.19%),D-borneol(3.74%),β-pinene(3.30%),α-pinene(3.18%),Eucarvone(2.37%),etc.[Conclusion]The chemical composition and relative content of the volatile oil of Asarum heterotropoides extracted by the two methods are different.Combining the two methods can establish more comprehensive GC-MS information of the volatile components of Asarum heterotropoides.