婚姻观念研究述评及其女性学批判

Review of Research on Marriage Concept and Its Femaleology-based Criticism

通过对婚姻观念概念及其内涵的界定,系统梳理了婚姻观念研究中最常涉及的择偶观、婚恋观和离婚观三个方面的主要研究成果,指出现有研究在研究对象、研究内容和研究方法上存在的不足之处,并着重从女性学学科立场出发,对择偶梯度理论和社会交换理论等婚姻动因解释性理论及现存离婚观念进行了学术批判。在此基础上,提出女性学视角下婚姻观念的研究展望与建议,即婚姻观念研究应坚持批判性地揭示不平等的性别关系和性别制度,推动性别平等婚姻观念的理论构建;同时要打破私领域与公领域二元对立思维,聚焦于个人经历与公共问题的关系互构,注重时间—历史维度和空间—关系维度的婚姻观念议题研究。

Through defining the meaning and connotation of marriage concept,this article systematically combs through the main research results regarding the following three aspects most commonly highlighted in marriage concept study:spouse-selection idea,view of marriage and love,and divorce concept,pointing out the inadequacies of existing study in terms of research object,research content and research method,and meantime,mainly from the perspective of femaleology,making an academic criticism about explanatory theory of marriage motivation and existing divorce views such as spouse-selection gradient theory,social exchange theory,etc.On this basis,the prospect and suggestions for the research of marriage concept from the perspective of femaleology are proposed.In other words,the research of marriage concept should insist on critically revealing the unequal gender relations and gender system,and promoting the theoretical construction of the marriage concept based on gender equality;moreover,the research should break the binary opposition thinking,that is,opposition between private and public fields,focus on the mutual construction of the relationship between personal experience and public problems,and lay emphasis on marriage concept study based on time-history dimension and space-relationship dimension.