基于景观指数优化的东山岛绿色空间景观格局的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Green Space Landscape Pattern in Dongshan Island Based on the Optimization of Landscape Index

[目的]对东山岛绿色空间景观格局进行分析,为东山岛国土空间规划提供参考。[方法]通过ArcGIS 10.5、ENVI 5.3、IBM SPSS Statistics和Fragstats 4.3等软件,提取景观格局核心指数,根据相关性指数筛选后,从斑块类型水平、景观水平2个层次分析了研究区7年内土地利用景观格局的动态变化。[结果]岛内整体景观格局2011-2017年发生了较大变化,尤其是耕地、草地这两类绿色空间用地,四类评价指标(面积、密度、形状、聚散性)变化明显。岛内城镇建设扩张速度大于绿色空间的增长速度,斑块形状水平和破碎度均呈上涨趋势;岛内城镇建设以中心城区往耕地周边扩张,建设用地的聚集程度在不断增加。岛内景观多样性总体上呈现下降趋势,绿色空间斑块的连通度降低,生态阻力加大,给保护生态系统安全带来困难。[结论]东山岛在后期的国土空间规划中需注意对耕地和草地进行保护性开发,切实加强对绿色空间优质廊道的保护和修复,在经济发展和生态保护上找到可靠平衡点。

[Objective]To analyze the landscape pattern of Dongshan Island green space,and provide references for the planning of Dongshan Island land space.[Method]The core index of landscape pattern was extracted by softwares such as Arcgis 10.5,ENVI 5.3,IBM SPSS Statistics and Fragstats 4.3,and the dynamic changes of land use landscape pattern in the study area was analyzed from two levels of patch type level and landscape level.[Result]The overall landscape pattern of the island changed greatly from 2011 to 2017,especially cultivated land and grassland were two kinds of green space land,and four kinds of evaluation indices(area,density,shape,dispersion)changed obviously.The expansion rate of urban construction in the island was larger than that of green space,and the patch shape level and fragmentation degree were both rising trend.The urban construction in the island expanded to the periphery of cultivated land with the central urban area,and the accumulation degree of construction land was increasing.The landscape diversity in the island generally showed a decreasing trend,the connectivity of green space patches was decreasing,and the ecological resistance was increasing,which brought difficulties to the protection of ecosystem security.[Conclusion]Dongshan Island should pay attentions to the protective development of cultivated land and grassland in later land and space planning,the protection and restoration should be strengthened to the green space high quality corridor,find the reliable balance point in the economic development and the ecological protection.