滴灌水肥一体化对小麦产量和水分利用的影响

Effects of Drip Fertigation on Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency

在2016-2018年连续2年进行小麦田间试验,以前期氮肥不同水平分期追施水肥一体化研究为基础,探讨滴灌条件下,水肥一体化处理对小麦产量和水分利用的影响。设置3个氮(N)肥水平:N1180 kg/hm^(2),N2240 kg/hm^(2),N3270 kg/hm^(2);3个水分(W)水平:W1生育期不灌水,W2生育期灌2次水,W3生育期灌3次水,共9个处理,分别为W1N1、W1N2、W1N3、W2N1、W2N2、W2N3、W3N1、W3N2、W3N3。结果表明,连续2年,与W1N1处理相比,W3N2和W3N3处理使小麦平均产量分别增加31.88%和15.28%。小麦各生育期耗水量均表现为拔节-开花期耗水量最多,开花-收获期耗水量次之,播种-拔节期耗水量最少。小麦全生育期耗水量以W3N2处理最低,与W1N1处理相比,小麦全生育期平均耗水量降低21.39%;小麦平均水分利用效率以W3N2处理最高,与W1N1处理相比,小麦平均水分利用效率增加11.70%。综合考虑,小麦产量和水分利用效率均在W3N2处理下最高,因此,小麦施纯氮240 kg/hm^(2),底施60%纯氮、拔节期追施25%和灌浆期追施15%纯氮,同时在小麦拔节期、开花期和灌浆期进行3次灌水的滴灌水肥一体化处理是小麦高产又节水的最优模式。

Wheat field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of drip fertigation on wheat yield and water use efficiency for two consecutive years(2016-2018),based on fertigation study applied at different stages of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage.Three nitrogen(N)fertilizer levels(N1180 kg/hm^(2),N2240 kg/hm^(2)and N3270 kg/hm^(2))and three water(W)levels(W1 has no irrigation at the growth stage,W2 has two times irrigation at the growth stage,and W3 has three times irrigation at the growth stage)were set in the experiment.The nine treatments were W1N1,W1N2,W1N3,W2N1,W2N2,W2N3,W3N1,W3N2,W3N3.The results showed that W3N2 and W3N3 treatments increased the wheat yield by 31.88%and 15.28%,respectively in two consecutive years,compared with W1N1 treatment.The water consumption of wheat was the highest from jointing stage to flowering stage,the secondly from flowering stage to harvesting stage,and the least from sowing stage to jointing stage.W3N2 treatment had the lowest water consumption during the whole growth period of wheat.Compared with W1N1 treatment,W3N2 treatment could reduce the water consumption by 21.39%during the whole growth period of wheat.W3N2 treatment had the highest water use efficiency,compared with W1N1 treatment,W3N2 treatment increased water use efficiency of wheat by 11.70%.Based on the comprehensive analysis,wheat yield and water use efficiency were highest under W3N2 treatment,so drip fertigation treatment was the optimal pattern for wheat to apply 240 kg/hm^(2)of pure nitrogen,basal application 60%and topdressing 25%at jointing stage and 15%at the filling stage,respectively,and three times of water treatment at the jointing stage,flowering stage and filling stage,which could achieve high yield and conserving water.