中国农村扶贫历程与2020年后反贫困趋势及对策

China’s Rural Poverty Alleviation and the Anti-Poverty Trends and Countermeasures after 2020

新中国成立以来,我国先后经历了救济式扶贫、体制改革式扶贫、开发式扶贫、参与式扶贫和精准扶贫阶段,在实践中逐渐探索出一条具有中国特色的扶贫道路,我国农村贫困人口明显减少,贫困发生率显著下降。2020年后我国农村绝对贫困基本消除,将由绝对收入贫困转向农民工贫困、城市贫困、多维贫困和特殊群体贫困等相对贫困问题。回顾和梳理中国贫困特点、扶贫历程和政策演变,分析中国新时期扶贫面临的新问题与新挑战,有助于为2020年后新时期扶贫政策的制定提供决策参考。

Since the People’s Republic of China has been founded,China has successively experienced the stages of relief-type poverty alleviation,institutional reform-type poverty alleviation,development-type poverty alleviation,participatory poverty alleviation,and targeted poverty alleviation.In practice,it has gradually explored a poverty alleviation path with Chinese characteristics.China’s rural poor population was obvious cut down,the incidence of poverty has dropped significantly.After 2020,absolute poverty of rural areas will be basically eliminated in China,and relative poverty will shift from absolute income poverty to migrant worker poverty,urban poverty,multi-dimensional poverty and poverty of special groups.Reviewing and sorting out the characteristics of poverty,poverty alleviation history and policy evolution in China,and analyzing the new problems and challenges facing poverty alleviation in the new era in China will help provide decision-making reference for the formulation of poverty alleviation policies in the new era after 2020.