湿地植物对土壤入渗特征与持水能力影响研究

Effects of plants on soil water infiltration characteristics and holding capacity in wetland

以抚顺社河湿地4种常见水生植物为对象,研究不同植被类型土壤入渗特征与持水能力。结果表明:0~2 min不同样地入渗速率最大,10 min内均有很大程度的下降趋势;各土层之间的入渗速率存在差异,芦苇0~10 cm土层入渗速率最大;针蔺以20~30 cm土层的入渗速率最大,该土层是限制土壤入渗速率的关键土层;扁秆藨草10~20 cm土层入渗速率最大,而香蒲20~30 cm土层的入渗速率最大。土壤持水能力随着土层深度的增加而呈减小的变化特征。0~10 cm土层田间持水量表现为扁秆藨草>芦苇>香蒲>针蔺,而土壤萎蔫含水量则以芦苇和香蒲最高,针蔺最小。土壤滞洪库容表现为扁秆藨草>芦苇>针蔺>香蒲,最大值约为最小值的2倍;土壤有效水库容差异较大,其中针蔺最大1 873.58 t·hm^(-2),香蒲最小1 018.28 t·hm^(-2)。

The characteristics of soil water infiltration and holding capacity of 4 aquatic vegetation types were studied in Fushun Shehe wetland. The results showed that the soil infiltration rate reached the maximum in the first 2 minutes,and represented a great decreasing trend within 10 minutes. The infiltration rate of each soil layer had significant differences,and it was the largest at 0 ~ 10 cm in the reed soil. The infiltration rate of Trichurus monsoniae was the highest in 20 ~ 30 cm,which was the key soil layer to limit the infiltration rate. The infiltration rate of Scirpus planiculmis at the depth of 10 ~ 20 cm was the highest. The infiltration rate of Typha orientalis at the depth of 20 ~ 30 cm was the highest. The water holding capacity of soil decreased with the increase of soil depth. The field water capacity in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer was as follows,S.planiculmis > reed > Typha orientalis > T. monsoniae. Soil wilting moisture content of reed and T. orientalis were the largest,and T. monsoniae was the smallest. The flood storage capacity of soil were S. planiculmis > reed > T. monsoniae > T.orientalis,in which maximum value was 1 time larger than the minimum value. The effective water storage capacity of soil varied greatly,among which the T. monsoniae was the largest( 1873. 58 t·hm^(-2) and the T. orientalis was the smallest( 1018. 28 t·hm-3).