我国铁路运输业价格改革与货运效率的关系研究

Research on the Relationship between China’s Railway Transport Industry Price Reform and Freight Transport Efficiency

铁路是我国货物运输的重要运输方式,在我国经济高质量发展中发挥重要的基础性作用。随着我国铁路部门市场化进程的加快,一系列铁路运输价格改革政策纷纷出台。本文在梳理我国铁路运输价格改革历程的基础上,基于DEA模型定量评价了我国铁路货运效率,并实证检验了价格改革改革与货运效率之间的关系。研究结果表明:我国铁路运输业价格改革向市场化定价转变,浮动价格及差异化定价策略有利于促进铁路货运效率的整体提高。市场需求增加能够提高铁路货运规模效率,而外部竞争有利于提高货运技术效率。因此,在进一步深化我国铁路运输业价格改革的基础之上,需要引入市场与外部竞争因素,共同促进铁路货运效率改善。

The railway is an important freight transportation method in our country, and it plays a fundamental role in high-quality economic development. With the acceleration of the marketization of China’s railway sector, a series of transportation price reform policies have been introduced. This article quantitatively evaluates the efficiency of railway freight transport based on the DEA model and empirically tests the relationship between price reform and freight efficiency. The research results show that: the price reform of the railway transportation industry is conducive to promoting the overall improvement of railway freight efficiency. Increasing market demand can improve the scale and efficiency of railway freight, while external competition is conducive to improving the efficiency of freight technology. Therefore, based on further deepening the price reform of the railway transportation industry, market competition factors can promote the improvement of railway freight efficiency.