供需匹配视角下城市社区居家养老模式的实施对策

Implementation countermeasures of urban home-based community caring pattern from the perspective of supply and demand matching

社区居家养老模式是城市应对快速及深度老龄化的必然选择,但该模式的实施面临诸多难题。以黑龙江省为例,从供需匹配视角出发,分别梳理供给侧与需求导向下社区居家养老模式的实施现状,借鉴公共服务分工理论,分析政府、社会组织与市场力量对养老服务的供给情况,并根据453份调查问卷的数据结果明确了现有老年群体与未来老年群体的养老需求。进一步基于社区居家养老模式的运行机制,总结了现有养老模式实施过程中存在的多主体协同程度不高、多资源整合不足、多功能配置不完备等问题,提出了强化政府职能、扩大主体范围,拓宽筹资渠道、引进智慧手段、加强人员管理,拓展养老服务内容、满足多元养老需求等方面的实施对策,为解决社会养老问题提供参考。

Promoting the high-quality realization of the home-based community caring pattern is an inevitable choice for urban response to rapid and deep aging,but it also faces many implementation problems.This research takes Heilongjiang Province as an example.From the perspective of supply and demand matching,this study sorts out the current implementation status of the home-based community caring pattern.That is,analyze the situation in which government,social organizations and market forces cooperate to provide old-age services,and clarify the elderly care service demands of existing aging groups and future aging groups based on the empirical results of 453 questionnaires.Next,start from the operation mechanism of this pattern,there are some problems in the implementation process,such as low multi-agent coordination,insufficient multi-resource integration,and incomplete multi-functional configuration.Based on this,the following implementation countermeasures are proposed:enhance government functions,expand the scope of service provider;broaden financing channels,introduce smart means,strengthen personnel management;expand the content of old-aged services,meet the multiple demands of the elderly,which can help promote the solution of social elderly supporting problems.