图片在听力测试中的应用与启示——以国内外德语考试为例

Visuals in Listening Assessment:Taking Listening Assessment of Domestic and International Standardized German Proficiency Tests for Examples

近年来,国内外语言考试中采用音视组合输入来评价听力水平的任务逐渐增多。在众多视觉材料类型中,图片的使用最为广泛。本文参照Bachman&Palmer测试任务特征框架及Painter et al.新视觉语法,以国内外大规模标准化德语考试为研究样本,分析图像在考查听力时的使用情况。研究发现,国内德语听力考试均不使用图片;而在国外德语听力测试中,尤其是初级语言测试中图片应用广泛,且涉及的任务类型丰富,组织形式多样,能较好利用多模态符号资源为考生提供相对更加真实的情境。视听输入已经显示出其在多模态意义构建中的优势,可考虑促进和推广图片在听力测评中的应用。

Visuals are widely used in language testing and evaluation.In recent years,the listening tasks involving visual input in language tests have gradually increased.Taking domestic and international German proficiency tests as samples,which are corresponding to the A1-C2 proficiency level of the European Common Reference Framework for Languages,this paper intends to analyze and examine the use of visuals in the listening comprehension parts in tests mentioned above.The results showed that pictures were not used in the listening comprehension domestic German exams.In contrast,they are widely used in proficiency tests abroad,especially in elementary language proficiency tests.In addition,the types of tasks involved and the organizational forms of the pictures are relatively diverse.Audiovisual input has shown its advantages in the construction of multimodal meaning,so it is necessary to take measures to promote the application of pictures in listening assessment.