从《儒林外史》看女性与科举之关联

Women and Imperial Examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties from The Scholars

在长达1300年的科举考试中,女性一直无法享有与男性平等的参加科举的资质,但科举时代的女性避免不了与科举产生关联--女性一直游离于科举的边缘。科举制度发展到明清时期,已从制度顶峰走向没落,其影响已经渗透到了社会的各个阶层,不只是士子,女性也无法躲避科举的影响,她们或痴狂地追寻科举的利益,或消极地顺从于科举的残害,或积极地反抗科举与男权,《儒林外史》对几位女性的形象的勾勒,深刻展示了科举时代女性的悲哀与清醒。

In the more than 1,300 years of imperial examinations,women had not been given the same qualifications as men to participate in imperial examinations,but women in the imperial examination era could not avoid being related to the imperial examinations.However,women had always been on the verge of imperial examinations.The imperial examination system reached its peak during the Ming and Qing dynasties and began to decline.Regardless of the trend of imperial examinations or the content of imperial examinations,its influence had penetrated all levels of society,not just scholars.Women could not escape the influence of the imperial examination era.They either frantically pursued the benefits of the imperial examination,or passively obeyed the persecution of the imperial examination,or actively resisted the imperial examination and patriarchy.The outline of the images of several women related to the imperial examination in The Scholars deeply showed the sadness and sobriety of different women in the imperial examination era.