沿黄取用水对黄河干流主要断面径流影响分析

Analysis on the Impact of Water Intake and Consumption on the Runoff of Mainstream of the Yellow River

沿黄取用水对黄河流域径流量具有重要影响。基于黄河干流主要控制站实测径流量资料和水资源公报资料,初步分析了黄河干流上下游主要断面径流量变化及沿黄取用水对干流径流量的影响。结果表明:①兰州(1919—2018年)、花园口(1919—2018年)、利津(1950—2018年)三站实测年径流量长期系列均表现为减小趋势,但上游兰州站表现为非显著性趋势,而中下游两站均为显著性减小趋势;②1998—2019年黄河干流11个主要水文站年径流量变化趋势则呈一致性增大趋势,初步分析表明流域面平均降水量增大是可能原因之一;③1998—2019年流域取水、耗水总量的变化均呈增大趋势,表明沿黄取用水量不断增加,取用水对上游兰州以上断面的径流量变化的影响较小,贡献低于20%,在流域中下游分区,取用水、水库蓄水等影响增大,特别是在龙门—三门峡分区,地表还原水量占河道天然径流量的比例达到55.4%。

Water intake and water consumption have an important impact on the runoff of the Yellow River Basin.Based on the measured runoff data from the main control stations of the mainstream of the Yellow River and its water resources bulletin data,this paper preliminarily analyzes the runoff changes of the main sections of the upper and lower reaches of the mainstream and the impact of water intake and consumption on the mainstream runoff.The results show that:①The annual runoff measured at all three stations,namely Lanzhou(1919—2018),Huayuankou(1919—2018),and Lijin(1950—2018),shows a decreasing trend,with non-significant decrease in Lanzhou station in the upper reaches,but significant decrease in the two stations in the middle and lower reaches.②During the period of 1998—2019,the annual runoff of the 11 main hydrological stations on the mainstream of the Yellow River shows a consistent increasing trend,which may results from the increase in average precipitation in the basin.③The changes in water intake and total water consumption in the basin from 1998 to 2019 show an increasing trend,indicating that the water intake along the Yellow River increases steadily.The influence of water intake and consumption on the runoff changes in the section above Lanzhou is small,with the contribution less than 20%.In the middle and lower reaches,the impact of water intake and consumption on the reservoir storage is big,especially in the Longmen-Sanmenxia subarea,where the proportion of restored surface runoff to the natural river runoff reaches 55.4%.