个人利益与道德认知对学前儿童社会决策的影响

Influence of Self-interest and Moral Cognition on Preschool Children’s Social Decision-making

个人利益与道德认知是影响儿童社会决策的重要因素。本研究从12所幼儿园随机选取179名4~6岁学前儿童作为被试,随机分配到四种实验情境,结果发现当只需要考虑个人利益时,儿童倾向于选择"好人"提供的较多物质利益;当只需要考虑道德因素时,儿童倾向于选择中性人物提供的较多物质利益;当个人利益与道德认知发生冲突,且个人利益是主要影响因素时,儿童倾向于选择中性人物提供的较多物质利益,而非"好人"提供的较少物质利益;当个人利益与道德认知发生冲突,且道德认知是主要影响因素时,儿童倾向于选择中性人物提供的较少物质利益,而非"坏人"提供的较多物质利益。决策反应时间表明,随着个人利益与道德认知冲突程度的加剧,儿童的决策时间增加。儿童在决定是否接受"坏人"提供的较多物质利益时会产生强烈的内心冲突,所以决策时间最长。儿童在社会决策时既会考虑个人利益又会考虑他人的社会行为,相比对"好人"的单纯偏好,其对"坏人"形象及消极社会行为的认知加工更加复杂。

In order to explore the influence of personal interest and moral cognition on preschool children’s social decision-making,the study selected 179 children aged 4-6 years and divided them into four experimental situations randomly.The results showed that when only self-interest was considered,children tended to select the offering of a do-gooder over a neutral individual for more material benefits.When only moral factor was considered,children tended to select the offering of a neutral individual over a wrongdoer for more material benefits.When faced with the conflict between self-interest and moral cognition and moral cognition was not prominent,children tended to select the offering of a neutral individual over a do-gooder for more material benefits.When faced with the conflict between self-interest and moral cognition and moral cognition was prominent,children tended to select the offering of a neutral individual over a wrongdoer for less material benefits.As the conflict between self-interest and moral cognition intensified,children’s response times increased gradually.When moral cognition was prominent,children’s average response time was the longest.Compared with their pure preference for the image of a do-gooder,children’s cognitive processing of the image of a wrongdoer and negative social behavior is more complex.