法治中国背景下地方法治建设的实践探索

Construction of Local Rule of Law in the Background of China under the Rule of Law

"法治中国"既是法治的中国,又是中国的法治,无论是地域空间还是法治方式都具有中国特色,因此,法治中国自然包括了地方法治及地方治理法治化的创新和实践。也就是说,地方法治建设只有在法治中国建设的大视野中才能获得证成,它是法治中国建设的题中应有之义。地方法治具有很强的地方性特征和地方性元素,而且必然以多种多样的符合地方文化需要的方式运行,并在此基础上提炼出富有地方特色的法治发展模式。可以说,地方作为与中央相对应的概念,其治理的空间和范围十分宽泛。根据我国现有的地方法治建设实践,如果以地方法治建设的内在运行为逻辑,其实践模式大致可以分为体制回应型、先行先试型与自生自发型三种。但从全国地方法治建设的总体性和普遍性来看,地方法治建设还存在着一些带有倾向性和典型性的问题。因此,完善地方法治可以强化国家顶层制度设计,重塑政府与社会的关系,激活多元主体的有序参与,强化公众评价关键环节,从而实现我国地方治理的良法善治。

"China under the rule of law"means not only China under the rule of law,but also the rule of law in China.Both the regional space and the way of rule of law have Chinese characteristics.Therefore,China under the rule of law naturally includes the innovation and practice of local rule of law and the legalization of local governance.In other words,the construction of local rule of law can only be proved in the context of the construction of China under the rule of law,and it is an essential component of the latter.Local rule of law has strong local characteristics and local elements,and must be implemented in a variety of ways to meet the needs of local culture,and on this basis development models for the rule of law with rich local characteristics can be extracted.It can be said that as a concept corresponding to the central government,the space and scope of local governance is very broad.According to the current practice of constructing local rule of law in China,if the internal operation of constructing local rule of law is followed as the logic,its practice modes can be roughly divided into three types:the system response type,the pilot experiment type,and the self-generation and development type.However,from the perspective of the generality and universality of the construction of local rule of law in China,there are still some tendentious and typical problems.Therefore,improving the local rule of law can strengthen the design of national top-level system,reshape the relationship between government and society,activate the orderly participation of multiple subjects,and strengthen the key factors of public evaluation,so as to realize the good law and good governance for local governance in China.