中国城镇住户贫困的测度与分析--基于广义与狭义视角

Measurement and Analysis of Urban Poverty in China:From the Perspectives of Broad and Narrow Senses

基于广义与狭义视角,系统测度和分析中国城镇住户贫困的规模、程度、敏感性及空间分异规律。研究发现:中国城镇住户基本摆脱了绝对收入贫困、绝对双重贫困以及次级贫困;当遭遇外部不利冲击时,城镇住户陷入收入贫困的风险大于陷入消费贫困的风险,陷入双重贫困的风险大于陷入选择性贫困和次级贫困的风险;在四大经济区域中,中部地区城镇住户陷入收入贫困的风险最大,西部地区城镇住户陷入消费贫困的风险最小,东北地区城镇住户陷入收入贫困与消费贫困的风险最相近。城镇住户在被剥夺程度较严重的维度上具有明显的区域差异;城镇住户多维贫困的维数愈高,其贫困发生率愈小;城镇住户多维贫困的最高维数与地区经济发达程度并不必然成反比;健康与教育维度贫困是造成城镇住户多维贫困的主要因素。按广义与狭义考察,广义城镇住户被剥夺的维度比狭义城镇住户更多;广义上城镇住户的选择性贫困、次级贫困、双重贫困和多维贫困均比狭义上严重;广义与狭义城镇住户的多维贫困差距在维数上主要取决于低维贫困,在维度上主要取决于健康;此外,中部地区城镇住户的多维贫困最轻微且在广义与狭义上最相近,西部地区的情况正相反。

From the perspective of broad and narrow senses,the scale,degree,sensitivity and spatial variation of urban poverty are systematically measured and analyzed in China.The findings show that:First,the urban residents have basically get rid of absolute income poverty,absolute dual-poverty and secondary poverty.Second,when confronted with external adverse shocks,the risk of urban households forced into income poverty is greater than that into consumption poverty,and the risk of dual-poverty is much greater than that into selective poverty and secondary poverty.Third,the central urban households have maximum risk of falling into income poverty,while the western households have a minimum risk of falling into consumption poverty,and the risk of northeast households forced into income poverty approximates to that of consumption poverty.The most deprived dimensions of urban residents present obvious regional disparity,and with more dimensions of urban multidimensional poverty,the poverty incidence shall be smaller.Besides,the highest dimension of urban multidimensional poverty doesn’t necessarily have a negative correlation with the levels of regional economic development,and the health and education are the main causes of urban multidimensional poverty.From both the broad and narrow senses to check and find that,the deprived dimensions of urban households in the broad sense are more than those in narrow sense;The selective poverty,secondary poverty,dual-poverty and multidimensional poverty of urban residents in a broad sense are more serious than those in narrow sense.The gap of total dimensions of multidimensional poverty between the broad and narrow sense depends on the low dimensional poverty,and the health plays a decisive role.In addition,the multidimensional urban poverty in the central region is the smallest,which is most proximal between the broad and narrow sense,while the adverse case appears in the western region.